(IVAR) - Final Report - Strategic Environmental Research and ...

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The spring 2007 studies at the Cherry Point (Figure 4-2) and Patuxent River (Figure 4-4), as well as the fall 2008 study at Elmendorf AFB (Figure 4-6), used eBirdRad avian radars with a 4º parabolic dish antenna, nominally set at 4º-10º above horizontal. The 2007 study at Whidbey Island (Figure 4-5) employed an AR-1 avian radar with a 20º array antenna 10 ; the 2008 study at Whidbey Island used both an AR-1 and an eBirdRad unit. At each location, “Visual Team” (VT) observation sites were selected around the facility, with one VT site in each quadrant around, and at different distances from, the radar where possible. Two-person teams were assigned to a subset of the VT sites during each 2-hour session, depending upon how many personnel were available for that session. One member of each team was the visual observer: This person attempted to locate and identify the targets called out by the Radar Team. The other team member recorded the observation data on a field data form. Similarly, a two-person “Radar Team” (RT) was assigned to the radar trailer: The radar operator observed the targets being tracked on the DRP display, while the other team member recorded on field data sheets information about the tracked targets that was called out by the radar operator. The Radar and Visual Teams had two-way radios with which they could communicate with one another. In additional to the manually recorded VT and RT field data, copies of the digital “plots and tracks” data files generated by the DRP during each session were saved for later analysis. A 5- 10 minute segment of raw digital data was also saved during each session should questions arise later regarding the radar’s performance during that session. Two and occasionally three 2-hour sessions were scheduled each day of a study. The goal was to have an equal number of morning, mid-day, and evening sessions; the actual time of the sessions depended on the season and latitude of the study location. During the initial, spring 2007 studies, only “RT-Calls” observations were made. In this scenario, the radar operator would follow tracks on the DRP display and select one as a good candidate based on a variety of criteria, including: the duration of the track, the separation from other targets with which it might be confused, whether the nearest VT likely had an unobstructed view of the target, etc. The radar operator would then broadcast a Request for Confirmation (RFC) to the VT that was in the best position to observe the selected target. The broadcast would include the bearing and distance of the target from the specified VT site. The radar operator would also activate the image-capture function of the DRP to save a digital picture of the radar display when the RFC was called. If the specified or another VT observed a target that matched the position broadcast by the RT, they would broadcast a confirmation to the RT and record the time, position, quantity, and species of the observed target. If no team confirmed the specified target, the RT would cancel that RFC, record it as a non-confirmation, and proceed to the next target. “VT-Calls” observations were added to the visual confirmation methods in the fall 2008 studies. In this scenario, if a VT observed a bird they thought was in the radar beam and no other RFC was in effect at that time, they could broadcast an RFC to the RT, including the estimated bearing and range from their position to the target. If the RT could match the broadcast description to a target being tracked by the radar, the RT would broadcast a confirmation and 10 The effective coverage of the 20º antenna is 10º above the horizontal; the other half the beam is below the horizontal (i.e., into the ground). 67
ecord the time, Track ID, and other parameters on their field data sheet. Otherwise, the RFC was recorded as a non-confirmation. Another procedural change made during the fall 2008 studies was to the have the visual observers return to the same VT sites for each session during a study. This was done in expectation that it would eliminate one variable – familiarity with the environment at the site, especially the location of the radar beam above the site – from the challenging task of visually confirming birds tracked by the radar. At least one member from each team participated in a post-processing meeting immediately after the field sessions. At these meetings the teams compared the information on their respective field data forms for consistency. It was critical that RFCs were recorded consistently and accurately by all the teams. The RFC Number was the key to linking the VT’s visual observation of a target on the wing with the RT’s observations of the track for that target on the radar display. The unique Track ID of a target called in an RFC was also recorded on the RT data forms. It provided the link between the RT and VT observations of the targets and the data recorded in the digital plots and tracks files generated by the DRP. During these post-processing sessions the field data sheets were sometimes updated (and soannotated) to reflect results of RFCs other than “Y” for Confirmed or “No” for Not Confirmed. The other outcomes of an RFC included: “A” – the RFC was Aborted before a team had time to confirm the target; “H” – the team to which the RFC was directed did not Hear the broadcast, usually because of noise from passing aircraft; “O” – for Other events that interfered with the completion of the RFC (e.g., the DRP was accidentally unplugged after an RFC was broadcast). Only RFCs recorded as “Y” or “N” were used in the computation of the Success Criterion for visual confirmations. The field data were subjected to extensive quality control procedures during and after they were transcribed from the hardcopy field forms into a relational database. The field observations were also checked against two types of radar data: The digital picture that was captured when each RFC was broadcast, and by replaying the plots and tracks data for that time period to ensure the radar and visual observations were consistent. Results Table 6-2 summarizes the results of the IVAR visual confirmation studies. Fifty 2-hour sessions were conducted at a total of 34 separate visual observation sites located at the four geographic study locations. Visual observers confirmed targets over horizontal distances that ranged from 0 to >5100 meters (0-17,000 feet; see also 6.1.1.5) and through 360° of azimuth (see also 6.2.1.2). The visual observers identified the 1531 confirmed targets as belonging to 65 separate taxa, with the most frequently observed taxa being gulls (Subfamily Larinae), Turkey Vultures, and Double-crested Cormorants. Approximately half (841) of the targets were single birds; the remainder (702) were flocks of two or more birds. Of the 1531 total confirmation tracks, 132 were confirmed by two or more Visual Teams. 68
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FINAL REPORT Integration and Valida
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Table of Contents List of Tables ..
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APPENDIX A. POINTS OF CONTACT .....
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Table 6-17. Altitudinal distributio
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List of Figures Figure 2-1. Chronol
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Figure 6-17. Plot of the northing c
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Figure 6-42. eBirdRad display based
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Figure 6-82. Hourly track count ove
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Figure 6-115: COP display showing f
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List of Acronyms Acronym AGL AIP AR
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Acronym RST RT SEA SQL SSC Pacific
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Carmen Lombardo Naval Air Station,
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Military bases an
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database and redistributed to other
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1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND Encro
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A seventh objective, the Functional
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Table 1-1 (cont.). IVAR TASK/ OBJEC
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environmental stewardship with miss
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2 TECHNOLOGY/METHODOLOGY DESCRIPTIO
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The original BirdRad system was des
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2.4 TECHNOLOGY/METHODOLOGY DEVELOPM
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Figure 2-2. Configuration of BirdRa
Page 45 and 46: 2.4.3 eBirdRad - Digital Radars wit
Page 47 and 48: Figure 2-5. Interior view of the eB
Page 49 and 50: accuracy and target continuity over
Page 51 and 52: permanently installed at SEA. Prior
Page 53 and 54: 2.5 ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OF T
Page 55 and 56: 3 PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES Table 3-1
Page 57 and 58: Table 3-1 (cont.). Performance Obje
Page 65 and 66: For the third test, Validation Usin
Page 67 and 68: temporal domain by recording all bi
Page 69 and 70: 3.1.2.2.7 Provides Bird Abundance o
Page 71 and 72: difference in the time (i.e., the l
Page 73 and 74: 3.1.6.2.4 Maintenance [SE4.2] We es
Page 75 and 76: Table 4-1. Summary of the IVAR stud
Page 77 and 78: 4.1 MCAS CHERRY POINT Marine Corps
Page 79 and 80: 2006 the primary eBirdRad unit from
Page 81 and 82: (directional WiFi) to the Internet.
Page 83 and 84: • Large (several thousand) flocks
Page 85 and 86: location for demonstrating the capa
Page 87 and 88: 5.1 CONCEPTUAL TEST DESIGN 5 TEST D
Page 89 and 90: 5.3 DESIGN AND LAYOUT OF TECHNOLOGY
Page 91 and 92: Assuming these lines evidence confi
Page 93 and 94: that dataset [Section 6.5.1.3]. 5.5
Page 95: 6 PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT The Perfor
Page 99 and 100: Figure 6-1. Percentage of targets c
Page 101 and 102: Comparing the performance of dish v
Page 103 and 104: Figure 6-4. The basic sensor elemen
Page 105 and 106: Figure 6-6. The polygon around the
Page 107 and 108: Figure 6-8. Diagram of sampling “
Page 109 and 110: • It takes several scans (nominal
Page 111 and 112: Session Correla tions 600 500 y = 1
Page 113 and 114: To evaluate the capabilities of the
Page 115 and 116: Figure 6-15. Runway 3 at SEA, showi
Page 117 and 118: comparisons between the RCH-GPS dat
Page 119 and 120: Figure 6-18. Plot of the northing c
Page 121 and 122: Figure 6-20. Plot of the easting co
Page 123 and 124: Conclusion In the quantitative perf
Page 125 and 126: Table 6-8. Column headings of the T
Page 127 and 128: Table 6-9 demonstrates quantitative
Page 129 and 130: Table 6-10. The parameters of targe
Page 131 and 132: Table 6-11. The position of Visual
Page 133 and 134: Table 6-12. Solitary targets at MCA
Page 135 and 136: Figure 6-23. The track of target T2
Page 145 and 146: intended to demonstrate these syste
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Figure 6-34. Screen capture of bird
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6.1.2 Qualitative Performance Crite
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upper right have completely converg
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Figure 6-38. The progression of the
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The slight difference in alignment
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Figure 6-42. eBirdRad display based
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Figure 6-44. A partial history of t
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6.2 SAMPLING PROTOCOL 6.2.1 Quantit
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Figure 6-46. Image from the track h
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Table 6-14. Dates, times and names
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Figure 6-48. Fifteen-minute (06:04-
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Figure 6-50. Fifteen-minute (02:24-
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We used a TVW to process the plots
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Figure 6-53. In an example of night
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6.2.1.4 Efficiently Stores Bird Tra
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Figure 6-56 shows sites 13-24 in th
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We extracted the radar data for thi
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Figure 6-57. Digital image of the d
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Table 6-17. Altitudinal distributio
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hours apart, showed considerable va
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• The sampling event time period
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underwent a 4-minute initialization
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Figure 6-62. DRP Live application l
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commands we issued to the radar; th
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4. Range Decrease (x7) 5. Range Inc
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Figure 6-65, Figure 6-66, and Figur
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6.2.2.4 Provides Spatial Distributi
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Figure 6-69. A plot of all track ac
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Figure 6-71. Twelve 2-hour historie
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Figure 6-72. TVW application displa
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Conclusion Figure 6-74. Oblique vie
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Archived Data to a GIS We used the
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(SQL). Extracting target data from
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Figure 6-78. Daily, unfiltered, tra
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Figure 6-79. Time periods selected
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Figure 6-82. Hourly track count ove
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esults are displayed in Figure 6-83
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As can be seen in Figure 6-83, the
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Figure 6-84 clearly demonstrates th
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Conclusion We have successfully dem
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LAN within a facility to the operat
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All reference times were recorded i
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Description of Remote Display - As
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mounted laptop computer (Figure 6-8
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very good because the system was sa
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operations personnel or their contr
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Figure 6-90. Alarm status pane and
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Figure 6-92. Alarm triggered as a f
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Figure 6-95. Screen capture of the
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Figure 6-96. An example from a data
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Table 6-29. Differences found betwe
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6.4 DATA INTEGRATION 6.4.1 Quantita
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Figure 6-100. Screen captures for S
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We used a screen-capture program at
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Results Table 6-32 records the time
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We acquired the appropriate plots a
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Figure 6-105. Track histories of ta
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synchronized, both spatially and te
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0.004687 seconds ahead of the NTP t
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Figure 6-108: COP display showing f
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Figure 6-110: TVW display showing t
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The next example from NASWI involve
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Figure 6-114: TVW display showing t
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Figure 6-116: COP display showing a
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Fusion processing was enabled in th
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processing associated with this dat
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Figure 6-122: Track IDs shown for b
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Conclusion We successfully demonstr
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Of course, many other factors contr
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one, Jim Swift, had been exposed to
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Methods The US military 27 designat
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Natural R.esoan:es Br.mch 22541Jolm
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Given these considerations, the IVA
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Results No maintenance was required
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acquired and is testing JRC S-band
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areas of overlap. Data fusion algor
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6.8 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND PER
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Table 7-1. Cost Model for a Standal
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additional processors account of th
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Installation Site Assessment - Rada
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e incurred, depending on what infor
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eal time, avian radars and can dete
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Network Connectivity. The US Depart
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Airport Improvement Program (AIP) f
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9 REFERENCES Anderson, C., and S. O
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APPENDIX A. POINTS OF CONTACT POINT
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POINT OF CONTACT Name Ryan King Mat
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APPENDIX B. ANALYTICAL METHODS SUPP
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METHOD #2: VALIDATION BY IMAGE COMP
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The pattern of yellows and blues in
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Radar Team (RT) Site Selection Sinc
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will measured the magnetic bearing
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Figure B-6. Using a GPS to record s
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• Visual Observer - observes bird
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Figure B-9. Flowchart of target con
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VT: “Radar, Team 2-Alpha copies T
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eam and the VTs have difficulty loc
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why it was changed, who made the ch
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METHOD #4: CONFIRMATION OF BIRD TAR
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Figure B-12. Duplexed image showing
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Table B-2. Dates, times, and antenn
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For the analysis of the simultaneou
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Table B-3. Altitude of the radar be
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Figure B-17. Diagram of sampling
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METHOD #6: DEMONSTRATING REAL-TIME
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APPENDIX C. DATA QUALITY ASSURANCE/
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APPENDIX D. SUPPORTING DATA D.1 Par
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Table D-1 (cont.). Date Track ID Up
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D.2 Listing of One-Hour Track Histo
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Table D-2 (cont.). 07:00-08:00 WI_A
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APPENDIX E. SURVEY OF AIRPORT PERSO
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used as the real-time target becaus
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Table E-1. Remote radar display lat
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7. Please rate the following where
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