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Table 6-2. Summary of the results from the visual confirmation of birds tracked by avian radar. Requests for Confirmation Confirmed Location Study Sessions VT Sites Total (1) No Yes % Yes MCAS Cherry Spring 07 e 12 9 675 261 384 60% Point Fall 08 e 6 4 105 34 63 65% NAS Patuxent Spring 07 e 6 5 485 139 334 71% River Fall 08 e 5 4 99 23 75 77% NAS Whidbey Spring 07 a 7 3 381 180 197 52% Island Fall 08 a, e 8 4 738 (2) 238 442 65% Elmendorf AFB Fall 08 e 6 5 116 69 36 34% TOTAL 50 34 2632 944 1531 62% MEAN 61% e – eBirdRad avian radar with 4° parabolic dish antenna; a – AR-1 avian radar with 20° array antenna (1) Total responses to Requests for Confirmation (RFC) include Yes, No, Abort, did not Hear, and Other. Only Yes & No responses were used to compute "% Yes". (2) Both the eBirdRad and AR-1 radars were operated at the same time at NAS Whidbey Island during the fall 2008 study, but we only called RFCs from one radar at a time. Sixty-eight of the Total RFCs were called from the eBirdRad radar, with a dish antenna; the remaining 670 were called from the AR-1, with an array antenna. The eBirdRad radar transceiver was experiencing reduced sensitivity at the time of the 2008 study, and after the IVAR study was complete, the transceiver was repaired. The 68 eBirdRad RFCs had the following confirmation statistics: Y=19; N=41; A=7; H=1. Visual observers confirmed as birds more than 100 targets tracked by radar at each of the three locations sampled during the spring 2007 studies (Table 6-2 and Figure 6-1). The combined total of confirmed targets that year was 915. In the fall 2008 the combined total of targets confirmed at the four locations was 616. NAS Whidbey Island was the only location to have more than 100 targets confirmed in 2008; it was also the only location that year that had appreciably more than 100 total RFC broadcasts (Figure 6-2). The number of confirmed targets at Whidbey Island in 2008 (442) was greater than the combined total of all called targets (320) at the other three locations. 69
Figure 6-1. Percentage of targets called in a Request for Confirmation that were confirmed to be birds by visual observation. The paucity of birds during the fall 2008 studies is also evident in the results from the visual observers, who were encouraged to initiate their own RFCs (“VT-Calls”) if they observed a bird they thought was in the radar beam but had not been called by the radar. Table 6-3 illustrates (see also 6.1.1.5) that radar detect more birds than the visual observers, even when there are few birds in the vicinity 11 . Of equal importance to the individual statistics is the sheer number if targets. Over 1500 targets were visually confirmed to be birds (i.e., ground-truthed) by the IVAR teams – more than four times the number of confirmations reported by previous published studies (Burger 1997; Harmata et al. 1999) for analog systems. These targets were confirmed during seven field events at four different geographic locations, during two seasons, at three separate times of day, using radars with both 4º dish and 20º array antennas, and often by different visual observers at each location. 11 NAS Whidbey Island did not make any VT-Calls observations during the fall 2008 studies. 70
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FINAL REPORT Integration and Valida
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Table of Contents List of Tables ..
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APPENDIX A. POINTS OF CONTACT .....
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Table 6-17. Altitudinal distributio
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List of Figures Figure 2-1. Chronol
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Figure 6-17. Plot of the northing c
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Figure 6-42. eBirdRad display based
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Figure 6-82. Hourly track count ove
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Figure 6-115: COP display showing f
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List of Acronyms Acronym AGL AIP AR
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Acronym RST RT SEA SQL SSC Pacific
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Carmen Lombardo Naval Air Station,
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Military bases an
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database and redistributed to other
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1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND Encro
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A seventh objective, the Functional
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Table 1-1 (cont.). IVAR TASK/ OBJEC
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environmental stewardship with miss
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2 TECHNOLOGY/METHODOLOGY DESCRIPTIO
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The original BirdRad system was des
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2.4 TECHNOLOGY/METHODOLOGY DEVELOPM
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Figure 2-2. Configuration of BirdRa
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2.4.3 eBirdRad - Digital Radars wit
Page 47 and 48: Figure 2-5. Interior view of the eB
Page 49 and 50: accuracy and target continuity over
Page 51 and 52: permanently installed at SEA. Prior
Page 53 and 54: 2.5 ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OF T
Page 55 and 56: 3 PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES Table 3-1
Page 57 and 58: Table 3-1 (cont.). Performance Obje
Page 65 and 66: For the third test, Validation Usin
Page 67 and 68: temporal domain by recording all bi
Page 69 and 70: 3.1.2.2.7 Provides Bird Abundance o
Page 71 and 72: difference in the time (i.e., the l
Page 73 and 74: 3.1.6.2.4 Maintenance [SE4.2] We es
Page 75 and 76: Table 4-1. Summary of the IVAR stud
Page 77 and 78: 4.1 MCAS CHERRY POINT Marine Corps
Page 79 and 80: 2006 the primary eBirdRad unit from
Page 81 and 82: (directional WiFi) to the Internet.
Page 83 and 84: • Large (several thousand) flocks
Page 85 and 86: location for demonstrating the capa
Page 87 and 88: 5.1 CONCEPTUAL TEST DESIGN 5 TEST D
Page 89 and 90: 5.3 DESIGN AND LAYOUT OF TECHNOLOGY
Page 91 and 92: Assuming these lines evidence confi
Page 93 and 94: that dataset [Section 6.5.1.3]. 5.5
Page 95 and 96: 6 PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT The Perfor
Page 97: ecord the time, Track ID, and other
Page 101 and 102: Comparing the performance of dish v
Page 103 and 104: Figure 6-4. The basic sensor elemen
Page 105 and 106: Figure 6-6. The polygon around the
Page 107 and 108: Figure 6-8. Diagram of sampling “
Page 109 and 110: • It takes several scans (nominal
Page 111 and 112: Session Correla tions 600 500 y = 1
Page 113 and 114: To evaluate the capabilities of the
Page 115 and 116: Figure 6-15. Runway 3 at SEA, showi
Page 117 and 118: comparisons between the RCH-GPS dat
Page 119 and 120: Figure 6-18. Plot of the northing c
Page 121 and 122: Figure 6-20. Plot of the easting co
Page 123 and 124: Conclusion In the quantitative perf
Page 125 and 126: Table 6-8. Column headings of the T
Page 127 and 128: Table 6-9 demonstrates quantitative
Page 129 and 130: Table 6-10. The parameters of targe
Page 131 and 132: Table 6-11. The position of Visual
Page 133 and 134: Table 6-12. Solitary targets at MCA
Page 135 and 136: Figure 6-23. The track of target T2
Page 145 and 146: intended to demonstrate these syste
Page 147 and 148: Figure 6-34. Screen capture of bird
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6.1.2 Qualitative Performance Crite
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upper right have completely converg
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Figure 6-38. The progression of the
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The slight difference in alignment
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Figure 6-42. eBirdRad display based
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Figure 6-44. A partial history of t
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6.2 SAMPLING PROTOCOL 6.2.1 Quantit
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Figure 6-46. Image from the track h
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Table 6-14. Dates, times and names
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Figure 6-48. Fifteen-minute (06:04-
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Figure 6-50. Fifteen-minute (02:24-
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We used a TVW to process the plots
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Figure 6-53. In an example of night
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6.2.1.4 Efficiently Stores Bird Tra
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Figure 6-56 shows sites 13-24 in th
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We extracted the radar data for thi
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Figure 6-57. Digital image of the d
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Table 6-17. Altitudinal distributio
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hours apart, showed considerable va
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• The sampling event time period
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underwent a 4-minute initialization
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Figure 6-62. DRP Live application l
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commands we issued to the radar; th
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4. Range Decrease (x7) 5. Range Inc
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Figure 6-65, Figure 6-66, and Figur
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6.2.2.4 Provides Spatial Distributi
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Figure 6-69. A plot of all track ac
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Figure 6-71. Twelve 2-hour historie
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Figure 6-72. TVW application displa
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Conclusion Figure 6-74. Oblique vie
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Archived Data to a GIS We used the
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(SQL). Extracting target data from
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Figure 6-78. Daily, unfiltered, tra
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Figure 6-79. Time periods selected
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Figure 6-82. Hourly track count ove
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esults are displayed in Figure 6-83
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As can be seen in Figure 6-83, the
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Figure 6-84 clearly demonstrates th
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Conclusion We have successfully dem
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LAN within a facility to the operat
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All reference times were recorded i
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Description of Remote Display - As
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mounted laptop computer (Figure 6-8
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very good because the system was sa
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operations personnel or their contr
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Figure 6-90. Alarm status pane and
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Figure 6-92. Alarm triggered as a f
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Figure 6-95. Screen capture of the
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Figure 6-96. An example from a data
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Table 6-29. Differences found betwe
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6.4 DATA INTEGRATION 6.4.1 Quantita
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Figure 6-100. Screen captures for S
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We used a screen-capture program at
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Results Table 6-32 records the time
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We acquired the appropriate plots a
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Figure 6-105. Track histories of ta
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synchronized, both spatially and te
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0.004687 seconds ahead of the NTP t
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Figure 6-108: COP display showing f
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Figure 6-110: TVW display showing t
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The next example from NASWI involve
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Figure 6-114: TVW display showing t
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Figure 6-116: COP display showing a
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Fusion processing was enabled in th
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processing associated with this dat
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Figure 6-122: Track IDs shown for b
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Conclusion We successfully demonstr
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Of course, many other factors contr
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one, Jim Swift, had been exposed to
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Methods The US military 27 designat
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Natural R.esoan:es Br.mch 22541Jolm
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Given these considerations, the IVA
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Results No maintenance was required
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acquired and is testing JRC S-band
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areas of overlap. Data fusion algor
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6.8 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND PER
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Table 7-1. Cost Model for a Standal
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additional processors account of th
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Installation Site Assessment - Rada
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e incurred, depending on what infor
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eal time, avian radars and can dete
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Network Connectivity. The US Depart
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Airport Improvement Program (AIP) f
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9 REFERENCES Anderson, C., and S. O
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APPENDIX A. POINTS OF CONTACT POINT
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POINT OF CONTACT Name Ryan King Mat
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APPENDIX B. ANALYTICAL METHODS SUPP
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METHOD #2: VALIDATION BY IMAGE COMP
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The pattern of yellows and blues in
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Radar Team (RT) Site Selection Sinc
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will measured the magnetic bearing
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Figure B-6. Using a GPS to record s
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• Visual Observer - observes bird
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Figure B-9. Flowchart of target con
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VT: “Radar, Team 2-Alpha copies T
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eam and the VTs have difficulty loc
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why it was changed, who made the ch
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METHOD #4: CONFIRMATION OF BIRD TAR
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Figure B-12. Duplexed image showing
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Table B-2. Dates, times, and antenn
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For the analysis of the simultaneou
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Table B-3. Altitude of the radar be
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Figure B-17. Diagram of sampling
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METHOD #6: DEMONSTRATING REAL-TIME
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APPENDIX C. DATA QUALITY ASSURANCE/
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APPENDIX D. SUPPORTING DATA D.1 Par
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Table D-1 (cont.). Date Track ID Up
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D.2 Listing of One-Hour Track Histo
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Table D-2 (cont.). 07:00-08:00 WI_A
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APPENDIX E. SURVEY OF AIRPORT PERSO
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used as the real-time target becaus
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Table E-1. Remote radar display lat
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7. Please rate the following where
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