(IVAR) - Final Report - Strategic Environmental Research and ...

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7 COST ASSESSMENT Along with demonstrating and validating the application of radar systems at a number of sites, an important goal of this project was to develop and validate, to the extent possible, the expected operational costs of the technologies. Relevant costs and related data as described in this section are listed and documented during the IVAR demonstrations so that the operational costs of the technology can be estimated with a high degree of validity. In addition to data gathered from the IVAR demonstrations, NRM user requirements also contributed to this section. These requests helped develop the current Accipiter® system and its components. The user requirements derived from these requests are discussed in Section 2.2. 7.1 COST MODEL The Cost Models presented in Table 7-1 through Table 7-3 list the estimated cost of the technology and methodology tracked throughout the IVAR project. The tables present three system configurations: Standalone, Integrated, and Advanced. A Standalone system includes components that are necessary for the end-user to track and view avian targets. An Integrated system includes additional products that allow a user to remotely collect, view, store, and track these targets, and to remotely control the system. An Advanced system includes additional components that support viewing the data from multiple systems on a single, fused display. The capital costs of avian radar systems differ significantly depending upon a number of factors discussed below. The estimates provided in this section are based on actual experiences during the IVAR and CEAT projects, as well as publicly available data, with a view towards generalizing them so that they might be applicable to products offered from a number of commercial vendors. All costs are reported in US Dollars. In its simplest form, an avian radar operates as a Standalone system (Table 7-1), which allows a user to obtain and record plot and track data from the Avian Radar System, and to replay and extract those data for analysis. It consists of a COTS marine radar transceiver and antenna, combined with a digital processor that generates detections and tracks (referred to as “target information”). For airport use, the radar transceiver and antenna (i.e., the radar sensor) is typically mounted on a wheeled trailer, on a roof-top, or a small tower structure. The digital components could be mounted in the trailer or indoors. A local operator would run the radar, or would visit it periodically to collect recorded target information. Data collection is the result of the digital processor software processing the radar signals received from the transceiver. Playback of the digitized data and their analysis is accomplished on the TrackViewer workstation – typically, a laptop computer. The range of purchase costs is determined by whether an existing structure is used for the installation, a new structure is built, or a trailer is used; whether utilities are available, must be installed, or the system is to be powered by a generator; and which radar sensor is selected. The cost of commissioning a Standalone system is greater than for the other two configurations because the lack of network connectivity requires that all activities must be done on-site. 276
Table 7-1. Cost Model for a Standalone Avian Radar System. Cost Category Radar System Installation Operation & Maintenance Sub-Category Transceiver & Antenna Digital Processor Remote Workstation Network Connectivity Remote Controller Data Server Data Fusion Processor Statistical Processor Permanent Structure Portable Trailer Standalone System X X X X X Estimated Cost $250K – $350K Site Assessment X $20K – $30K Licensing X $5K Site Preparation X $1K – $5K Wireless ISP/Point to Point Link Training Commissioning System Monitoring/Technical Support Repairs/Replacements Network Data Charges X X X X $5 – $7K $30K – $60K per year (typical) Utilities X $1K per year System Lifetime 5 to 7 years $406K – $764K 28 The Integrated system configuration (Table 7-2) is based on the Standalone configuration (Table 7-1) with added capabilities made possible with network connectivity. Network connectivity can be a wired or wireless connection to the Internet or to a restricted LAN. It provides the operator the ability to remotely control the radar; it also enables the digital processor to send plots and tracks data to a data server, which in turn can distribute those data to multiple users in their office, vehicle, or at a remote site. The data server abstracts the radar from the users, allowing them to think only of real-time and historical target information in earth coordinates. With the Integrated configuration, each user can receive the data from any of the radar systems served by the data server and would have a TrackViewer workstation configured for a specific use (wildlife management, air traffic control, etc.). Support may also be provided for integrating the target information from multiple radars (either co-located or widely separated) to increase coverage and provide a single integrated display for users. The higher purchase cost of the Integrated 28 The first year’s annual System Monitoring and Repairs costs are covered under warranty and included in the purchase price. Thus, the estimated System Lifetime costs are equal to the (sum of the fixed costs) + ([years-1] X the annual Monitoring & Repairs costs) + ([years] X sum of the other annual costs), where “[years]” = 5 or 7 for the projected minimum and maximum system lifetimes, respectively. 277
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FINAL REPORT Integration and Valida
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Table of Contents List of Tables ..
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APPENDIX A. POINTS OF CONTACT .....
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Table 6-17. Altitudinal distributio
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List of Figures Figure 2-1. Chronol
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Figure 6-17. Plot of the northing c
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Figure 6-42. eBirdRad display based
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Figure 6-82. Hourly track count ove
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Figure 6-115: COP display showing f
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List of Acronyms Acronym AGL AIP AR
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Acronym RST RT SEA SQL SSC Pacific
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Carmen Lombardo Naval Air Station,
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Military bases an
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database and redistributed to other
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1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND Encro
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A seventh objective, the Functional
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Table 1-1 (cont.). IVAR TASK/ OBJEC
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environmental stewardship with miss
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2 TECHNOLOGY/METHODOLOGY DESCRIPTIO
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The original BirdRad system was des
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2.4 TECHNOLOGY/METHODOLOGY DEVELOPM
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Figure 2-2. Configuration of BirdRa
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2.4.3 eBirdRad - Digital Radars wit
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Figure 2-5. Interior view of the eB
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accuracy and target continuity over
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permanently installed at SEA. Prior
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2.5 ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OF T
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3 PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES Table 3-1
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Table 3-1 (cont.). Performance Obje
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For the third test, Validation Usin
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temporal domain by recording all bi
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3.1.2.2.7 Provides Bird Abundance o
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difference in the time (i.e., the l
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3.1.6.2.4 Maintenance [SE4.2] We es
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Table 4-1. Summary of the IVAR stud
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4.1 MCAS CHERRY POINT Marine Corps
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2006 the primary eBirdRad unit from
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(directional WiFi) to the Internet.
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• Large (several thousand) flocks
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location for demonstrating the capa
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5.1 CONCEPTUAL TEST DESIGN 5 TEST D
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5.3 DESIGN AND LAYOUT OF TECHNOLOGY
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Assuming these lines evidence confi
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that dataset [Section 6.5.1.3]. 5.5
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6 PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT The Perfor
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ecord the time, Track ID, and other
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Figure 6-1. Percentage of targets c
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Comparing the performance of dish v
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Figure 6-4. The basic sensor elemen
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Figure 6-6. The polygon around the
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Figure 6-8. Diagram of sampling “
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• It takes several scans (nominal
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Session Correla tions 600 500 y = 1
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To evaluate the capabilities of the
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Figure 6-15. Runway 3 at SEA, showi
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comparisons between the RCH-GPS dat
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Figure 6-18. Plot of the northing c
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Figure 6-20. Plot of the easting co
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Conclusion In the quantitative perf
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Table 6-8. Column headings of the T
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Table 6-9 demonstrates quantitative
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Table 6-10. The parameters of targe
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Table 6-11. The position of Visual
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Table 6-12. Solitary targets at MCA
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Figure 6-23. The track of target T2
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intended to demonstrate these syste
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Figure 6-34. Screen capture of bird
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6.1.2 Qualitative Performance Crite
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upper right have completely converg
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Figure 6-38. The progression of the
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The slight difference in alignment
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Figure 6-42. eBirdRad display based
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Figure 6-44. A partial history of t
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6.2 SAMPLING PROTOCOL 6.2.1 Quantit
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Figure 6-46. Image from the track h
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Table 6-14. Dates, times and names
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Figure 6-48. Fifteen-minute (06:04-
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Figure 6-50. Fifteen-minute (02:24-
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We used a TVW to process the plots
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Figure 6-53. In an example of night
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6.2.1.4 Efficiently Stores Bird Tra
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Figure 6-56 shows sites 13-24 in th
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We extracted the radar data for thi
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Figure 6-57. Digital image of the d
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Table 6-17. Altitudinal distributio
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hours apart, showed considerable va
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• The sampling event time period
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underwent a 4-minute initialization
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Figure 6-62. DRP Live application l
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commands we issued to the radar; th
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4. Range Decrease (x7) 5. Range Inc
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Figure 6-65, Figure 6-66, and Figur
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6.2.2.4 Provides Spatial Distributi
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Figure 6-69. A plot of all track ac
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Figure 6-71. Twelve 2-hour historie
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Figure 6-72. TVW application displa
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Conclusion Figure 6-74. Oblique vie
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Archived Data to a GIS We used the
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(SQL). Extracting target data from
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Figure 6-78. Daily, unfiltered, tra
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Figure 6-79. Time periods selected
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Figure 6-82. Hourly track count ove
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esults are displayed in Figure 6-83
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As can be seen in Figure 6-83, the
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Figure 6-84 clearly demonstrates th
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Conclusion We have successfully dem
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LAN within a facility to the operat
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All reference times were recorded i
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Description of Remote Display - As
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mounted laptop computer (Figure 6-8
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very good because the system was sa
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operations personnel or their contr
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Figure 6-90. Alarm status pane and
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Figure 6-92. Alarm triggered as a f
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Figure 6-95. Screen capture of the
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Figure 6-96. An example from a data
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Table 6-29. Differences found betwe
Page 249 and 250: 6.4 DATA INTEGRATION 6.4.1 Quantita
Page 251 and 252: Figure 6-100. Screen captures for S
Page 253 and 254: We used a screen-capture program at
Page 255 and 256: Results Table 6-32 records the time
Page 257 and 258: We acquired the appropriate plots a
Page 259 and 260: Figure 6-105. Track histories of ta
Page 261 and 262: synchronized, both spatially and te
Page 263 and 264: 0.004687 seconds ahead of the NTP t
Page 265 and 266: Figure 6-108: COP display showing f
Page 267 and 268: Figure 6-110: TVW display showing t
Page 269 and 270: The next example from NASWI involve
Page 271 and 272: Figure 6-114: TVW display showing t
Page 273 and 274: Figure 6-116: COP display showing a
Page 275 and 276: Fusion processing was enabled in th
Page 277 and 278: processing associated with this dat
Page 279 and 280: Figure 6-122: Track IDs shown for b
Page 281 and 282: Conclusion We successfully demonstr
Page 283 and 284: Of course, many other factors contr
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Page 287 and 288: Methods The US military 27 designat
Page 289 and 290: Natural R.esoan:es Br.mch 22541Jolm
Page 291 and 292: Given these considerations, the IVA
Page 293 and 294: Results No maintenance was required
Page 295 and 296: acquired and is testing JRC S-band
Page 297 and 298: areas of overlap. Data fusion algor
Page 299: 6.8 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND PER
Page 303 and 304: additional processors account of th
Page 305 and 306: Installation Site Assessment - Rada
Page 307 and 308: e incurred, depending on what infor
Page 309 and 310: eal time, avian radars and can dete
Page 311 and 312: Network Connectivity. The US Depart
Page 313 and 314: Airport Improvement Program (AIP) f
Page 315 and 316: 9 REFERENCES Anderson, C., and S. O
Page 317 and 318: APPENDIX A. POINTS OF CONTACT POINT
Page 319 and 320: POINT OF CONTACT Name Ryan King Mat
Page 321 and 322: APPENDIX B. ANALYTICAL METHODS SUPP
Page 323 and 324: METHOD #2: VALIDATION BY IMAGE COMP
Page 325 and 326: The pattern of yellows and blues in
Page 327 and 328: Radar Team (RT) Site Selection Sinc
Page 329 and 330: will measured the magnetic bearing
Page 331 and 332: Figure B-6. Using a GPS to record s
Page 333 and 334: • Visual Observer - observes bird
Page 335 and 336: Figure B-9. Flowchart of target con
Page 337 and 338: VT: “Radar, Team 2-Alpha copies T
Page 339 and 340: eam and the VTs have difficulty loc
Page 341 and 342: why it was changed, who made the ch
Page 343 and 344: METHOD #4: CONFIRMATION OF BIRD TAR
Page 345 and 346: Figure B-12. Duplexed image showing
Page 347 and 348: Table B-2. Dates, times, and antenn
Page 349 and 350: For the analysis of the simultaneou
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Table B-3. Altitude of the radar be
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Figure B-17. Diagram of sampling
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METHOD #6: DEMONSTRATING REAL-TIME
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APPENDIX C. DATA QUALITY ASSURANCE/
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APPENDIX D. SUPPORTING DATA D.1 Par
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Table D-1 (cont.). Date Track ID Up
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D.2 Listing of One-Hour Track Histo
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Table D-2 (cont.). 07:00-08:00 WI_A
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APPENDIX E. SURVEY OF AIRPORT PERSO
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used as the real-time target becaus
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Table E-1. Remote radar display lat
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7. Please rate the following where
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