(IVAR) - Final Report - Strategic Environmental Research and ...

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Figure 2-10. AR-1 (SEAAR1m) array antenna system located at SEA. The Port of Seattle station that provides power and the ASR radar for SEA is in the background. Figure 2-11. Side view of AR-1 (WIAR1m) avian radar unit at NAS Whidbey Island. 24
2.5 ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OF THE TECHNOLOGY/METHODOLOGY The technologies other than radar that researchers have used to detect birds include a wide range of human observations supplemented with optical enhancements (e.g., spotting scopes, binoculars), sensors that record images (cameras and video recording), infrared sensors for tracking and counting birds, and acoustic sensors for bird vocalizations. Each of these technologies has advantages and limitations, and none is superior in all sampling situations. Radar’s overall advantage is an aggregate of capabilities that derive from the sensor itself, the processor used to extract information from the sensor, and the operational capabilities of the system. We have listed these advantages and limitations below and compared them to other technologies in Table 2-1. Advantages: • Sample day or night; • Automatic and remote 24/7operation; • Sample through 360º of azimuth; • Detection at ranges ≥ 6 nmi; • Automated real-time tracking; • Display tracks over facility maps, aerial photos, etc.; • Fuse target data for increased situational awareness ; • Operates in a wide range of environmental conditions; • Reduced labor costs through unattended operations; • Immediate production of digital data; • System data management capabilities to provide opportunities for comparative and historical analysis; • Network- and Web Services-compliant; and • Joint use with existing data streams (ASR and NEXRAD) Limitations: • Radar physics may limit applications due to target and environmental characteristics; • Radar beam samples a limited volume (determined by antenna type); • Resolution based on target reflectivity, thus accurate prediction of species details (e.g., size, shape, density, gender) is problematic; • Not suited to high-clutter environments (e.g., in forests, near buildings); • Health & safety issues dependent on unit power and distance to human targets; and • Variable deployment costs 25
Page 1 and 2: FINAL REPORT Integration and Valida
Page 3 and 4: Table of Contents List of Tables ..
Page 5 and 6: APPENDIX A. POINTS OF CONTACT .....
Page 7 and 8: Table 6-17. Altitudinal distributio
Page 9 and 10: List of Figures Figure 2-1. Chronol
Page 11 and 12: Figure 6-17. Plot of the northing c
Page 13 and 14: Figure 6-42. eBirdRad display based
Page 15 and 16: Figure 6-82. Hourly track count ove
Page 17 and 18: Figure 6-115: COP display showing f
Page 19 and 20: List of Acronyms Acronym AGL AIP AR
Page 21 and 22: Acronym RST RT SEA SQL SSC Pacific
Page 23 and 24: Carmen Lombardo Naval Air Station,
Page 25 and 26: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Military bases an
Page 27 and 28: database and redistributed to other
Page 29 and 30: 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND Encro
Page 31 and 32: A seventh objective, the Functional
Page 33 and 34: Table 1-1 (cont.). IVAR TASK/ OBJEC
Page 35 and 36: environmental stewardship with miss
Page 37 and 38: 2 TECHNOLOGY/METHODOLOGY DESCRIPTIO
Page 39 and 40: The original BirdRad system was des
Page 41 and 42: 2.4 TECHNOLOGY/METHODOLOGY DEVELOPM
Page 43 and 44: Figure 2-2. Configuration of BirdRa
Page 45 and 46: 2.4.3 eBirdRad - Digital Radars wit
Page 47 and 48: Figure 2-5. Interior view of the eB
Page 49 and 50: accuracy and target continuity over
Page 51: permanently installed at SEA. Prior
Page 55 and 56: 3 PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES Table 3-1
Page 57 and 58: Table 3-1 (cont.). Performance Obje
Page 65 and 66: For the third test, Validation Usin
Page 67 and 68: temporal domain by recording all bi
Page 69 and 70: 3.1.2.2.7 Provides Bird Abundance o
Page 71 and 72: difference in the time (i.e., the l
Page 73 and 74: 3.1.6.2.4 Maintenance [SE4.2] We es
Page 75 and 76: Table 4-1. Summary of the IVAR stud
Page 77 and 78: 4.1 MCAS CHERRY POINT Marine Corps
Page 79 and 80: 2006 the primary eBirdRad unit from
Page 81 and 82: (directional WiFi) to the Internet.
Page 83 and 84: • Large (several thousand) flocks
Page 85 and 86: location for demonstrating the capa
Page 87 and 88: 5.1 CONCEPTUAL TEST DESIGN 5 TEST D
Page 89 and 90: 5.3 DESIGN AND LAYOUT OF TECHNOLOGY
Page 91 and 92: Assuming these lines evidence confi
Page 93 and 94: that dataset [Section 6.5.1.3]. 5.5
Page 95 and 96: 6 PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT The Perfor
Page 97 and 98: ecord the time, Track ID, and other
Page 99 and 100: Figure 6-1. Percentage of targets c
Page 101 and 102: Comparing the performance of dish v
Page 103 and 104:
Figure 6-4. The basic sensor elemen
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Figure 6-6. The polygon around the
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Figure 6-8. Diagram of sampling “
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• It takes several scans (nominal
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Session Correla tions 600 500 y = 1
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To evaluate the capabilities of the
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Figure 6-15. Runway 3 at SEA, showi
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comparisons between the RCH-GPS dat
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Figure 6-18. Plot of the northing c
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Figure 6-20. Plot of the easting co
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Conclusion In the quantitative perf
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Table 6-8. Column headings of the T
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Table 6-9 demonstrates quantitative
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Table 6-10. The parameters of targe
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Table 6-11. The position of Visual
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Table 6-12. Solitary targets at MCA
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Figure 6-23. The track of target T2
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intended to demonstrate these syste
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Figure 6-34. Screen capture of bird
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6.1.2 Qualitative Performance Crite
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upper right have completely converg
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Figure 6-38. The progression of the
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The slight difference in alignment
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Figure 6-42. eBirdRad display based
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Figure 6-44. A partial history of t
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6.2 SAMPLING PROTOCOL 6.2.1 Quantit
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Figure 6-46. Image from the track h
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Table 6-14. Dates, times and names
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Figure 6-48. Fifteen-minute (06:04-
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Figure 6-50. Fifteen-minute (02:24-
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We used a TVW to process the plots
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Figure 6-53. In an example of night
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6.2.1.4 Efficiently Stores Bird Tra
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Figure 6-56 shows sites 13-24 in th
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We extracted the radar data for thi
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Figure 6-57. Digital image of the d
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Table 6-17. Altitudinal distributio
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hours apart, showed considerable va
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• The sampling event time period
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underwent a 4-minute initialization
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Figure 6-62. DRP Live application l
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commands we issued to the radar; th
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4. Range Decrease (x7) 5. Range Inc
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Figure 6-65, Figure 6-66, and Figur
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6.2.2.4 Provides Spatial Distributi
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Figure 6-69. A plot of all track ac
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Figure 6-71. Twelve 2-hour historie
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Figure 6-72. TVW application displa
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Conclusion Figure 6-74. Oblique vie
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Archived Data to a GIS We used the
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(SQL). Extracting target data from
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Figure 6-78. Daily, unfiltered, tra
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Figure 6-79. Time periods selected
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Figure 6-82. Hourly track count ove
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esults are displayed in Figure 6-83
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As can be seen in Figure 6-83, the
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Figure 6-84 clearly demonstrates th
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Conclusion We have successfully dem
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LAN within a facility to the operat
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All reference times were recorded i
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Description of Remote Display - As
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mounted laptop computer (Figure 6-8
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very good because the system was sa
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operations personnel or their contr
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Figure 6-90. Alarm status pane and
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Figure 6-92. Alarm triggered as a f
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Figure 6-95. Screen capture of the
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Figure 6-96. An example from a data
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Table 6-29. Differences found betwe
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6.4 DATA INTEGRATION 6.4.1 Quantita
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Figure 6-100. Screen captures for S
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We used a screen-capture program at
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Results Table 6-32 records the time
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We acquired the appropriate plots a
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Figure 6-105. Track histories of ta
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synchronized, both spatially and te
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0.004687 seconds ahead of the NTP t
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Figure 6-108: COP display showing f
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Figure 6-110: TVW display showing t
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The next example from NASWI involve
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Figure 6-114: TVW display showing t
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Figure 6-116: COP display showing a
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Fusion processing was enabled in th
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processing associated with this dat
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Figure 6-122: Track IDs shown for b
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Conclusion We successfully demonstr
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Of course, many other factors contr
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one, Jim Swift, had been exposed to
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Methods The US military 27 designat
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Natural R.esoan:es Br.mch 22541Jolm
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Given these considerations, the IVA
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Results No maintenance was required
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acquired and is testing JRC S-band
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areas of overlap. Data fusion algor
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6.8 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND PER
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Table 7-1. Cost Model for a Standal
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additional processors account of th
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Installation Site Assessment - Rada
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e incurred, depending on what infor
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eal time, avian radars and can dete
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Network Connectivity. The US Depart
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Airport Improvement Program (AIP) f
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9 REFERENCES Anderson, C., and S. O
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APPENDIX A. POINTS OF CONTACT POINT
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POINT OF CONTACT Name Ryan King Mat
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APPENDIX B. ANALYTICAL METHODS SUPP
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METHOD #2: VALIDATION BY IMAGE COMP
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The pattern of yellows and blues in
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Radar Team (RT) Site Selection Sinc
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will measured the magnetic bearing
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Figure B-6. Using a GPS to record s
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• Visual Observer - observes bird
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Figure B-9. Flowchart of target con
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VT: “Radar, Team 2-Alpha copies T
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eam and the VTs have difficulty loc
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why it was changed, who made the ch
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METHOD #4: CONFIRMATION OF BIRD TAR
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Figure B-12. Duplexed image showing
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Table B-2. Dates, times, and antenn
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For the analysis of the simultaneou
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Table B-3. Altitude of the radar be
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Figure B-17. Diagram of sampling
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METHOD #6: DEMONSTRATING REAL-TIME
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APPENDIX C. DATA QUALITY ASSURANCE/
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APPENDIX D. SUPPORTING DATA D.1 Par
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Table D-1 (cont.). Date Track ID Up
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D.2 Listing of One-Hour Track Histo
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Table D-2 (cont.). 07:00-08:00 WI_A
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APPENDIX E. SURVEY OF AIRPORT PERSO
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used as the real-time target becaus
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Table E-1. Remote radar display lat
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7. Please rate the following where
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