(IVAR) - Final Report - Strategic Environmental Research and ...

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used in both the BASH and natural resources program. The eBirdRad unit had been used to document several patterns of seasonal and daily airfield bird movements, including vulture activity and concentrations of blackbirds, and this information was being passed to the tower and flight planning so pilots and aircrews were aware of the increased hazard during the times these birds were active. The eBirdRad unit was also being used by the natural resources managers at NASPR as a survey tool, mostly in areas of planned construction and particularly from dusk to dawn, when manual observations are limited by darkness. 4.3 NAS WHIDBEY ISLAND NAS Whidbey Island (NASWI; 48°21'7.00"N, 122°39'19.01"W; Figure 4-5) is located on the northern end of Whidbey Island, in Island County, Washington, approximately 95 km northwest of Seattle. Situated between the Straits of Juan De Fuca and the Saratoga Passage and within the rain shadow of the Olympic Mountains, NAS Whidbey Island offers high quality year round training opportunities for naval aviators. The facility encompasses 1720 ha and has two 2440 m intersecting runways. The primary missions supported at NASWI are maritime patrol and electronic warfare, with logistic and search-and-rescue operations in a secondary role. The primary aircraft types using the airfield include the assigned P-3, EP-3, EA-6B, and H-60 along with extensive transient aircraft from various Navy and other military commands. Figure 4-5. NAS Whidbey Island, Washington, showing the location of the eBirdRad radar (RT- 1) and the visual team (VT) observation sites used in the spring 2007 (’07) and fall 2008 (’08) studies. NAS Whidbey Island consistently has the highest number of bird targets of any of the IVAR study locations. It has an eBirdRad unit and a mobile AR-1 unit that are connected wirelessly 51
(directional WiFi) to the Internet. In addition, data are also available for both avian radar units when they were previously connected to the Internet via a cellular network (EVDO). We selected NASWI as an IVAR study location because it is a relatively small facility (1700 ha), it’s along the Pacific Flyway, and it’s the only IVAR location where the position of the radar has a largely unobstructed view of open water (i.e., Straits of Juan De Fuca) along its whole western boundary. In addition, the head of the Navy’s BASH program has his office at NASWI and he was one of the first to receive an original BirdRad unit developed by Clemson University. Finally, while the IVAR project was in the planning stages, the CEAT project that was part of the IVAR team decided to place an AR17 avian radar at NASWI. The NASWI staff was using an analog BirdRad unit before the IVAR project began, but even it had proven invaluable in providing avian flight pattern information to modify flight operations and manage natural habitats in and around the airfield in support of pilot safety. Screen-shot images showing large bird movements, particularly during evening and nighttime periods, were routinely saved and forwarded to the air wing safety officers, along with advisories to pilots and aircrews in anticipation of the same movement during the following nights. The biologists at NASWI were using the radar images to identify and locate feeding and roosting areas of birds on the airfield, which then led to the modification or removal of the attractant. They were also using the BirdRad unit in a cooperative research project with the Washington State Department of Natural Resources, studying Marbled Murrlets on their midnight feeding runs to the nearby bays. The CEAT project is also using NASWI as a study location. Figure 2-11 shows the CEAT AR- 1 (WIAR1m) avian radar at NASWI that was used in the IVAR studies. 4.4 ELMENDORF AFB Elmendorf Air Force Base (EAFB; 61°15′5″N, 149°48′23″W; Figure 4-6) is one of the most northerly US military airfields; it is also near the northern end of the Pacific Flyway for migratory birds. The base is immediately north of the town of Anchorage and encompasses 5,445 ha in its current configuration. Tall (1220 m) mountains exist to the east and south of the base, and on the north and west it is bordered by wetlands and open water (Cook Inlet). Coastal bird migrations follow Cook Inlet and pass over the EAFB/Anchorage land mass as they divide and head inland to interior flyways or through mountain passes into Prince William Sound and the coastal flyway. The unimproved grounds within the base boundaries include forest, shrub, and wetland habitats. EAFB is the largest Air Force installation in Alaska and home of the Headquarters, Alaskan Command (ALCOM), Alaskan NORAD Region (ANR), Eleventh Air Force (11th AF) and the 3rd Wing of the Eleventh Air Force. 7 A commercial avian radar developed by ARTI that is functionally equivalent to eBirdRad, but is nominally delivered with an array antenna, verses the dish antenna of the eBirdRad units. 52
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FINAL REPORT Integration and Valida
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Table of Contents List of Tables ..
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APPENDIX A. POINTS OF CONTACT .....
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Table 6-17. Altitudinal distributio
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List of Figures Figure 2-1. Chronol
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Figure 6-17. Plot of the northing c
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Figure 6-42. eBirdRad display based
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Figure 6-82. Hourly track count ove
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Figure 6-115: COP display showing f
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List of Acronyms Acronym AGL AIP AR
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Acronym RST RT SEA SQL SSC Pacific
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Carmen Lombardo Naval Air Station,
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Military bases an
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database and redistributed to other
Page 29 and 30: 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND Encro
Page 31 and 32: A seventh objective, the Functional
Page 33 and 34: Table 1-1 (cont.). IVAR TASK/ OBJEC
Page 35 and 36: environmental stewardship with miss
Page 37 and 38: 2 TECHNOLOGY/METHODOLOGY DESCRIPTIO
Page 39 and 40: The original BirdRad system was des
Page 41 and 42: 2.4 TECHNOLOGY/METHODOLOGY DEVELOPM
Page 43 and 44: Figure 2-2. Configuration of BirdRa
Page 45 and 46: 2.4.3 eBirdRad - Digital Radars wit
Page 47 and 48: Figure 2-5. Interior view of the eB
Page 49 and 50: accuracy and target continuity over
Page 51 and 52: permanently installed at SEA. Prior
Page 53 and 54: 2.5 ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OF T
Page 55 and 56: 3 PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES Table 3-1
Page 57 and 58: Table 3-1 (cont.). Performance Obje
Page 65 and 66: For the third test, Validation Usin
Page 67 and 68: temporal domain by recording all bi
Page 69 and 70: 3.1.2.2.7 Provides Bird Abundance o
Page 71 and 72: difference in the time (i.e., the l
Page 73 and 74: 3.1.6.2.4 Maintenance [SE4.2] We es
Page 75 and 76: Table 4-1. Summary of the IVAR stud
Page 77 and 78: 4.1 MCAS CHERRY POINT Marine Corps
Page 79: 2006 the primary eBirdRad unit from
Page 83 and 84: • Large (several thousand) flocks
Page 85 and 86: location for demonstrating the capa
Page 87 and 88: 5.1 CONCEPTUAL TEST DESIGN 5 TEST D
Page 89 and 90: 5.3 DESIGN AND LAYOUT OF TECHNOLOGY
Page 91 and 92: Assuming these lines evidence confi
Page 93 and 94: that dataset [Section 6.5.1.3]. 5.5
Page 95 and 96: 6 PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT The Perfor
Page 97 and 98: ecord the time, Track ID, and other
Page 99 and 100: Figure 6-1. Percentage of targets c
Page 101 and 102: Comparing the performance of dish v
Page 103 and 104: Figure 6-4. The basic sensor elemen
Page 105 and 106: Figure 6-6. The polygon around the
Page 107 and 108: Figure 6-8. Diagram of sampling “
Page 109 and 110: • It takes several scans (nominal
Page 111 and 112: Session Correla tions 600 500 y = 1
Page 113 and 114: To evaluate the capabilities of the
Page 115 and 116: Figure 6-15. Runway 3 at SEA, showi
Page 117 and 118: comparisons between the RCH-GPS dat
Page 119 and 120: Figure 6-18. Plot of the northing c
Page 121 and 122: Figure 6-20. Plot of the easting co
Page 123 and 124: Conclusion In the quantitative perf
Page 125 and 126: Table 6-8. Column headings of the T
Page 127 and 128: Table 6-9 demonstrates quantitative
Page 129 and 130: Table 6-10. The parameters of targe
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Table 6-11. The position of Visual
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Table 6-12. Solitary targets at MCA
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Figure 6-23. The track of target T2
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intended to demonstrate these syste
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Figure 6-34. Screen capture of bird
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6.1.2 Qualitative Performance Crite
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upper right have completely converg
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Figure 6-38. The progression of the
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The slight difference in alignment
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Figure 6-42. eBirdRad display based
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Figure 6-44. A partial history of t
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6.2 SAMPLING PROTOCOL 6.2.1 Quantit
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Figure 6-46. Image from the track h
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Table 6-14. Dates, times and names
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Figure 6-48. Fifteen-minute (06:04-
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Figure 6-50. Fifteen-minute (02:24-
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We used a TVW to process the plots
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Figure 6-53. In an example of night
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6.2.1.4 Efficiently Stores Bird Tra
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Figure 6-56 shows sites 13-24 in th
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We extracted the radar data for thi
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Figure 6-57. Digital image of the d
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Table 6-17. Altitudinal distributio
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hours apart, showed considerable va
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• The sampling event time period
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underwent a 4-minute initialization
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Figure 6-62. DRP Live application l
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commands we issued to the radar; th
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4. Range Decrease (x7) 5. Range Inc
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Figure 6-65, Figure 6-66, and Figur
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6.2.2.4 Provides Spatial Distributi
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Figure 6-69. A plot of all track ac
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Figure 6-71. Twelve 2-hour historie
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Figure 6-72. TVW application displa
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Conclusion Figure 6-74. Oblique vie
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Archived Data to a GIS We used the
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(SQL). Extracting target data from
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Figure 6-78. Daily, unfiltered, tra
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Figure 6-79. Time periods selected
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Figure 6-82. Hourly track count ove
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esults are displayed in Figure 6-83
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As can be seen in Figure 6-83, the
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Figure 6-84 clearly demonstrates th
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Conclusion We have successfully dem
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LAN within a facility to the operat
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All reference times were recorded i
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Description of Remote Display - As
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mounted laptop computer (Figure 6-8
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very good because the system was sa
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operations personnel or their contr
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Figure 6-90. Alarm status pane and
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Figure 6-92. Alarm triggered as a f
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Figure 6-95. Screen capture of the
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Figure 6-96. An example from a data
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Table 6-29. Differences found betwe
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6.4 DATA INTEGRATION 6.4.1 Quantita
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Figure 6-100. Screen captures for S
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We used a screen-capture program at
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Results Table 6-32 records the time
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We acquired the appropriate plots a
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Figure 6-105. Track histories of ta
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synchronized, both spatially and te
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0.004687 seconds ahead of the NTP t
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Figure 6-108: COP display showing f
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Figure 6-110: TVW display showing t
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The next example from NASWI involve
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Figure 6-114: TVW display showing t
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Figure 6-116: COP display showing a
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Fusion processing was enabled in th
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processing associated with this dat
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Figure 6-122: Track IDs shown for b
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Conclusion We successfully demonstr
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Of course, many other factors contr
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one, Jim Swift, had been exposed to
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Methods The US military 27 designat
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Natural R.esoan:es Br.mch 22541Jolm
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Given these considerations, the IVA
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Results No maintenance was required
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acquired and is testing JRC S-band
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areas of overlap. Data fusion algor
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6.8 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND PER
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Table 7-1. Cost Model for a Standal
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additional processors account of th
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Installation Site Assessment - Rada
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e incurred, depending on what infor
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eal time, avian radars and can dete
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Network Connectivity. The US Depart
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Airport Improvement Program (AIP) f
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9 REFERENCES Anderson, C., and S. O
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APPENDIX A. POINTS OF CONTACT POINT
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POINT OF CONTACT Name Ryan King Mat
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APPENDIX B. ANALYTICAL METHODS SUPP
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METHOD #2: VALIDATION BY IMAGE COMP
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The pattern of yellows and blues in
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Radar Team (RT) Site Selection Sinc
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will measured the magnetic bearing
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Figure B-6. Using a GPS to record s
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• Visual Observer - observes bird
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Figure B-9. Flowchart of target con
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VT: “Radar, Team 2-Alpha copies T
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eam and the VTs have difficulty loc
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why it was changed, who made the ch
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METHOD #4: CONFIRMATION OF BIRD TAR
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Figure B-12. Duplexed image showing
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Table B-2. Dates, times, and antenn
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For the analysis of the simultaneou
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Table B-3. Altitude of the radar be
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Figure B-17. Diagram of sampling
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METHOD #6: DEMONSTRATING REAL-TIME
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APPENDIX C. DATA QUALITY ASSURANCE/
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APPENDIX D. SUPPORTING DATA D.1 Par
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Table D-1 (cont.). Date Track ID Up
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D.2 Listing of One-Hour Track Histo
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Table D-2 (cont.). 07:00-08:00 WI_A
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APPENDIX E. SURVEY OF AIRPORT PERSO
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used as the real-time target becaus
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Table E-1. Remote radar display lat
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7. Please rate the following where
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