(IVAR) - Final Report - Strategic Environmental Research and ...

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ecause no one was observing or the measurements that were made were not retained in a fully documented form. Conclusion We conclude from our analysis that automated digital avian radar systems can sample bird populations at a lower per-hour cost than human observers, perhaps as much as five-times lower. In addition, because the data are generated and stored in real time in a ready-to-use digital format, these avian radar systems can further reduce the lifecycle cost of maintaining, using and reusing the measurement data. However, one should not conclude from these arguments that wildlife biologists can be replaced with avian radars. Radars are a sampling tool, and there are still many tasks the human observers can perform that the radar cannot. The optimum balance is to use avian radars for routine, surveillance sampling, which frees up the biologists and BASH managers to concentrate on what humans do best - interpret the radar data and follow the leads those data provide. 6.6.2 Qualitative Performance Criteria 6.6.2.1 Ease of Use [PE1.2] Objective Our objective in designing Performance Criterion PE1.2, Ease of Use, was to arrive at a qualitative assessment of how difficult it would be for potential users with no prior radar background or training to learn to use an avian radar system. We established as our success criterion that it was achievable that these users could learn to operate and/or use the avian radars systems evaluated by the IVAR project. Methods Two formal training sessions were held during the 3-year period of the IVAR project. The first was organized by the CEAT project and was held at the Port of Seattle (SEA) International Airport on 8-9 July 2008. This session provided an overview of radar systems in general and avian radar systems in particular, with the primary emphasis being how to configure and use the DRP and TVW user interfaces. The second training session was organized by ARTI at their facility in Fonthill, Ontario, Canada on 9-10 June 2009. The latter session was more directed toward the actual operational use of the Accipiter® avian radar systems. Neither of these sessions was organized by the IVAR project, but both were attended by members of the IVAR team. The instructors at both sessions were ARTI employees. Results Table 6-37 lists the number of participants who attended the two formal avian radar training sessions that were held during the course of the IVAR project. Of the 27 participants who attended the training sessions, eight attended both sessions. Two of the participants (Drs. Gauthreaux and Beason) are expert radar ornithologists, but Dr. Beason and some of his USDA colleagues at MCASCP had much exposure the digital Accipiter® components before the IVAR project began. Likewise, three of the other participants were familiar with the analog BirdRad avian radars that had been installed at their facility: Only 260
one, Jim Swift, had been exposed to the eBirdRad system before the IVAR project, during the acceptance testing of eBirdRad at NASPR. Apart from the formal sessions, numerous undocumented informal training sessions occurred throughout the course of the IVAR project. For example, a member of the ARTI staff was present at most of the visual confirmation studies (see Section 6.1.1.1.1), usually serving as a radar operator at least part of that time. Other participants in general, and the other radar operators in particular, were tutored by and learned from observing these radar professionals. Similarly, some members of the IVAR or CEAT staffs received informal training when an ARTI staff member visited a site to install a new component, or during a telephone (or email) support call. Of the participants listed in Table 6-37, 14 have operated the eBirdRad or AR-x radars, and used DRP or TVW software to control the processing of the radar data from these systems, during the course of the IVAR project. Eleven of the participants use or have used the DRP or TVW software regularly, some daily. None of the personnel were trained to, nor were they required to, install, calibrate, or maintain the radar systems. All of the facilities with operating radar units used in this study had phone and email support from the vendor (ARTI), and those systems that had Internet connectivity could be operated and configured remotely. Table 6-37. Number of participants attending formal avian radar trainings sessions during the course of the IVAR project. Training Session Dates Participant Affiliation 8-9 June 2008 9-10 July 2009 Air Force 1 2 CSC 1 FAA 1 Navy/Marine Corps 3 Sea-Tac 1 1 University of Illinois/CEAT 6 9 USDA/WS 8 2 TOTAL 21 14 Most of the participants who attended the training sessions but did not become regular users attended to learn more about how avian radars work, their advantages and limitations, what sorts of data products are available from them, and how the technology might fit into their operational environment. Conclusion We have successfully demonstrated that individuals from a wide range of backgrounds but with no prior radar background or training can become proficient enough to operate and access the data from the avian radar systems evaluated by the IVAR project. This is an important result: It indicates that as these systems are brought online the natural resource managers and BASH 261
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FINAL REPORT Integration and Valida
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Table of Contents List of Tables ..
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APPENDIX A. POINTS OF CONTACT .....
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Table 6-17. Altitudinal distributio
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List of Figures Figure 2-1. Chronol
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Figure 6-17. Plot of the northing c
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Figure 6-42. eBirdRad display based
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Figure 6-82. Hourly track count ove
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Figure 6-115: COP display showing f
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List of Acronyms Acronym AGL AIP AR
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Acronym RST RT SEA SQL SSC Pacific
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Carmen Lombardo Naval Air Station,
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Military bases an
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database and redistributed to other
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1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND Encro
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A seventh objective, the Functional
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Table 1-1 (cont.). IVAR TASK/ OBJEC
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environmental stewardship with miss
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2 TECHNOLOGY/METHODOLOGY DESCRIPTIO
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The original BirdRad system was des
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2.4 TECHNOLOGY/METHODOLOGY DEVELOPM
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Figure 2-2. Configuration of BirdRa
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2.4.3 eBirdRad - Digital Radars wit
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Figure 2-5. Interior view of the eB
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accuracy and target continuity over
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permanently installed at SEA. Prior
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2.5 ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OF T
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3 PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES Table 3-1
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Table 3-1 (cont.). Performance Obje
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For the third test, Validation Usin
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temporal domain by recording all bi
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3.1.2.2.7 Provides Bird Abundance o
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difference in the time (i.e., the l
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3.1.6.2.4 Maintenance [SE4.2] We es
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Table 4-1. Summary of the IVAR stud
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4.1 MCAS CHERRY POINT Marine Corps
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2006 the primary eBirdRad unit from
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(directional WiFi) to the Internet.
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• Large (several thousand) flocks
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location for demonstrating the capa
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5.1 CONCEPTUAL TEST DESIGN 5 TEST D
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5.3 DESIGN AND LAYOUT OF TECHNOLOGY
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Assuming these lines evidence confi
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that dataset [Section 6.5.1.3]. 5.5
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6 PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT The Perfor
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ecord the time, Track ID, and other
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Figure 6-1. Percentage of targets c
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Comparing the performance of dish v
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Figure 6-4. The basic sensor elemen
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Figure 6-6. The polygon around the
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Figure 6-8. Diagram of sampling “
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• It takes several scans (nominal
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Session Correla tions 600 500 y = 1
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To evaluate the capabilities of the
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Figure 6-15. Runway 3 at SEA, showi
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comparisons between the RCH-GPS dat
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Figure 6-18. Plot of the northing c
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Figure 6-20. Plot of the easting co
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Conclusion In the quantitative perf
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Table 6-8. Column headings of the T
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Table 6-9 demonstrates quantitative
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Table 6-10. The parameters of targe
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Table 6-11. The position of Visual
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Table 6-12. Solitary targets at MCA
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Figure 6-23. The track of target T2
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intended to demonstrate these syste
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Figure 6-34. Screen capture of bird
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6.1.2 Qualitative Performance Crite
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upper right have completely converg
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Figure 6-38. The progression of the
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The slight difference in alignment
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Figure 6-42. eBirdRad display based
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Figure 6-44. A partial history of t
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6.2 SAMPLING PROTOCOL 6.2.1 Quantit
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Figure 6-46. Image from the track h
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Table 6-14. Dates, times and names
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Figure 6-48. Fifteen-minute (06:04-
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Figure 6-50. Fifteen-minute (02:24-
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We used a TVW to process the plots
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Figure 6-53. In an example of night
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6.2.1.4 Efficiently Stores Bird Tra
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Figure 6-56 shows sites 13-24 in th
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We extracted the radar data for thi
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Figure 6-57. Digital image of the d
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Table 6-17. Altitudinal distributio
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hours apart, showed considerable va
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• The sampling event time period
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underwent a 4-minute initialization
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Figure 6-62. DRP Live application l
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commands we issued to the radar; th
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4. Range Decrease (x7) 5. Range Inc
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Figure 6-65, Figure 6-66, and Figur
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6.2.2.4 Provides Spatial Distributi
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Figure 6-69. A plot of all track ac
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Figure 6-71. Twelve 2-hour historie
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Figure 6-72. TVW application displa
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Conclusion Figure 6-74. Oblique vie
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Archived Data to a GIS We used the
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(SQL). Extracting target data from
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Figure 6-78. Daily, unfiltered, tra
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Figure 6-79. Time periods selected
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Figure 6-82. Hourly track count ove
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esults are displayed in Figure 6-83
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As can be seen in Figure 6-83, the
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Figure 6-84 clearly demonstrates th
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Conclusion We have successfully dem
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LAN within a facility to the operat
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All reference times were recorded i
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Description of Remote Display - As
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Page 235 and 236: very good because the system was sa
Page 237 and 238: operations personnel or their contr
Page 239 and 240: Figure 6-90. Alarm status pane and
Page 241 and 242: Figure 6-92. Alarm triggered as a f
Page 243 and 244: Figure 6-95. Screen capture of the
Page 245 and 246: Figure 6-96. An example from a data
Page 247 and 248: Table 6-29. Differences found betwe
Page 249 and 250: 6.4 DATA INTEGRATION 6.4.1 Quantita
Page 251 and 252: Figure 6-100. Screen captures for S
Page 253 and 254: We used a screen-capture program at
Page 255 and 256: Results Table 6-32 records the time
Page 257 and 258: We acquired the appropriate plots a
Page 259 and 260: Figure 6-105. Track histories of ta
Page 261 and 262: synchronized, both spatially and te
Page 263 and 264: 0.004687 seconds ahead of the NTP t
Page 265 and 266: Figure 6-108: COP display showing f
Page 267 and 268: Figure 6-110: TVW display showing t
Page 269 and 270: The next example from NASWI involve
Page 271 and 272: Figure 6-114: TVW display showing t
Page 273 and 274: Figure 6-116: COP display showing a
Page 275 and 276: Fusion processing was enabled in th
Page 277 and 278: processing associated with this dat
Page 279 and 280: Figure 6-122: Track IDs shown for b
Page 281 and 282: Conclusion We successfully demonstr
Page 283: Of course, many other factors contr
Page 287 and 288: Methods The US military 27 designat
Page 289 and 290: Natural R.esoan:es Br.mch 22541Jolm
Page 291 and 292: Given these considerations, the IVA
Page 293 and 294: Results No maintenance was required
Page 295 and 296: acquired and is testing JRC S-band
Page 297 and 298: areas of overlap. Data fusion algor
Page 299 and 300: 6.8 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND PER
Page 301 and 302: Table 7-1. Cost Model for a Standal
Page 303 and 304: additional processors account of th
Page 305 and 306: Installation Site Assessment - Rada
Page 307 and 308: e incurred, depending on what infor
Page 309 and 310: eal time, avian radars and can dete
Page 311 and 312: Network Connectivity. The US Depart
Page 313 and 314: Airport Improvement Program (AIP) f
Page 315 and 316: 9 REFERENCES Anderson, C., and S. O
Page 317 and 318: APPENDIX A. POINTS OF CONTACT POINT
Page 319 and 320: POINT OF CONTACT Name Ryan King Mat
Page 321 and 322: APPENDIX B. ANALYTICAL METHODS SUPP
Page 323 and 324: METHOD #2: VALIDATION BY IMAGE COMP
Page 325 and 326: The pattern of yellows and blues in
Page 327 and 328: Radar Team (RT) Site Selection Sinc
Page 329 and 330: will measured the magnetic bearing
Page 331 and 332: Figure B-6. Using a GPS to record s
Page 333 and 334: • Visual Observer - observes bird
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Figure B-9. Flowchart of target con
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VT: “Radar, Team 2-Alpha copies T
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eam and the VTs have difficulty loc
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why it was changed, who made the ch
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METHOD #4: CONFIRMATION OF BIRD TAR
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Figure B-12. Duplexed image showing
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Table B-2. Dates, times, and antenn
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For the analysis of the simultaneou
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Table B-3. Altitude of the radar be
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Figure B-17. Diagram of sampling
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METHOD #6: DEMONSTRATING REAL-TIME
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APPENDIX C. DATA QUALITY ASSURANCE/
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APPENDIX D. SUPPORTING DATA D.1 Par
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Table D-1 (cont.). Date Track ID Up
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D.2 Listing of One-Hour Track Histo
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Table D-2 (cont.). 07:00-08:00 WI_A
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APPENDIX E. SURVEY OF AIRPORT PERSO
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used as the real-time target becaus
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Table E-1. Remote radar display lat
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7. Please rate the following where
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