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METHOD #3: VISUAL CONFIRMATION OF BIRD TARGETS. This section outlines the procedures the IVAR team developed for making dependent visual observations (“ground-truthing”) to confirm that targets being automatically tracked by digital avian radar are birds. These methods are termed “dependent” observations because the radar operator and the visual observers are not sampling the bird populations independently. In the “RT-Calls” scenario, the radar operator selects the targets the radar is tracking and broadcasts a request for a team to visually confirm the targets are birds. Likewise, in the “VT-Calls” scenario, one of the visual teams selects a bird they believe to be in the radar beam and broadcasts a request for confirmation to the radar team. Materials Radar Team (RT). In addition to the radar sensor transceiver (RST) and antenna 35 , the Accipiter® Digital Radar Processor, and the trailer, and the trailer-mounted GPS, the Radar Team (RT) used: • Metal clipboard box equipped with 9 Digital wristwatch synchronized to Accipiter® master clock. 9 Hardcopy radar field data form (RT_Datasheet worksheet in MCASCP_Data_Sheets_070404.xls) 9 Pencils 9 Stapler 9 Digital audio recorder (similar to Sony ICD-P520) • Base two-way radio Visual Team (VT). The personnel manning the Visual Team (VT) observations sites used: • Garmin Etrex Vista handheld GPS • Metal clipboard box equipped with 9 Suunto Tandem compass/inclinometer 9 Digital wristwatch synchronized to Accipiter® master clock. 9 Hardcopy visual field data form (VT_Datasheet worksheet in MCASCP_Data_Sheets_070404.xls) 9 Pencils 9 Stapler 9 Digital audio recorder (similar to Sony ICD-P520) • Binoculars (personal) • Base two-way radio The sections below outline the procedures for selecting and setting up sites within the study locations for the Radar Team (RT) and Visual Teams (VT), respectively. 35 Both a Furuno Model 2155BB X-Band marine radar with a 2-foot diameter parabolic dish antenna and a Furuno Model 8252 X-Band marine radar with 6-foot array antenna, both using the same Accipiter® Digital Radar Processor, have been used with these visual confirmation methods. 302
Radar Team (RT) Site Selection Since each of the demonstration locations selected by the IVAR project had an operational eBirdRad or AR-1/AR-2 unit, the siting of the radar was pre-determined. The criteria that were used to site the radars located at airfields included: • A set-back distance from an active runway based on the height of the structure (i.e., trailer, radar, and antenna) – the Runway Protection Zone. • Coverage of the entire facility, in particular the runways, by the radar beam. • Coverage beyond the facility, over significant angular regions, in order to accumulate track histories of targets => 5 km from the radar (see Performance Criterion PA5.1 in Section 6.1.1.5). • Proximity to electrical power and access roads. • A safe distance from aircraft operations and other “hot” areas, as well as from ordnance and fuel storage areas (HERO & HERF) and from manned facilities (HERP). • Low clutter environments. Site Set-Up Since the radar units at these locations had already been sited and were being operated continuously before and after the validation studies, no special set-up for the radar site was required. Once the VT sites have been set up and the latitude and longitude coordinates of each site are know, the RT Operator can enter those coordinates into the DRP to create a placemark indicator of the VT sites on the DRP display. These placemarks will be used by the Operator in selecting targets that are near a VT site when requesting confirmation of the target by the VT. Visual Team (VT) Site Selection The following factors should be considered in selecting sites from which the visual observers (i.e., VTs) will attempt to confirm the called targets that are being tracked by the radar. • Project Objectives. Overall project objectives (see Section 1.2) require VT sites to be established throughout the facility, at various distances from the RT site, consistent with the restrictions listed in the bullets below. In particular, one or more VT sites at each study location should be positioned at least 2 km (1.2 miles) from the radar (see Performance Criterion PA4.1 in Section 6.1.1.4). 303
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FINAL REPORT Integration and Valida
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Table of Contents List of Tables ..
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APPENDIX A. POINTS OF CONTACT .....
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Table 6-17. Altitudinal distributio
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List of Figures Figure 2-1. Chronol
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Figure 6-17. Plot of the northing c
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Figure 6-42. eBirdRad display based
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Figure 6-82. Hourly track count ove
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Figure 6-115: COP display showing f
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List of Acronyms Acronym AGL AIP AR
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Acronym RST RT SEA SQL SSC Pacific
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Carmen Lombardo Naval Air Station,
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Military bases an
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database and redistributed to other
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1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND Encro
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A seventh objective, the Functional
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Table 1-1 (cont.). IVAR TASK/ OBJEC
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environmental stewardship with miss
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2 TECHNOLOGY/METHODOLOGY DESCRIPTIO
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The original BirdRad system was des
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2.4 TECHNOLOGY/METHODOLOGY DEVELOPM
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Figure 2-2. Configuration of BirdRa
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2.4.3 eBirdRad - Digital Radars wit
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Figure 2-5. Interior view of the eB
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accuracy and target continuity over
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permanently installed at SEA. Prior
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2.5 ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OF T
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3 PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES Table 3-1
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Table 3-1 (cont.). Performance Obje
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For the third test, Validation Usin
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temporal domain by recording all bi
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3.1.2.2.7 Provides Bird Abundance o
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difference in the time (i.e., the l
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3.1.6.2.4 Maintenance [SE4.2] We es
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Table 4-1. Summary of the IVAR stud
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4.1 MCAS CHERRY POINT Marine Corps
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2006 the primary eBirdRad unit from
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(directional WiFi) to the Internet.
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• Large (several thousand) flocks
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location for demonstrating the capa
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5.1 CONCEPTUAL TEST DESIGN 5 TEST D
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5.3 DESIGN AND LAYOUT OF TECHNOLOGY
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Assuming these lines evidence confi
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that dataset [Section 6.5.1.3]. 5.5
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6 PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT The Perfor
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ecord the time, Track ID, and other
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Figure 6-1. Percentage of targets c
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Comparing the performance of dish v
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Figure 6-4. The basic sensor elemen
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Figure 6-6. The polygon around the
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Figure 6-8. Diagram of sampling “
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• It takes several scans (nominal
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Session Correla tions 600 500 y = 1
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To evaluate the capabilities of the
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Figure 6-15. Runway 3 at SEA, showi
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comparisons between the RCH-GPS dat
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Figure 6-18. Plot of the northing c
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Figure 6-20. Plot of the easting co
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Conclusion In the quantitative perf
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Table 6-8. Column headings of the T
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Table 6-9 demonstrates quantitative
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Table 6-10. The parameters of targe
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Table 6-11. The position of Visual
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Table 6-12. Solitary targets at MCA
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Figure 6-23. The track of target T2
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intended to demonstrate these syste
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Figure 6-34. Screen capture of bird
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6.1.2 Qualitative Performance Crite
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upper right have completely converg
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Figure 6-38. The progression of the
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The slight difference in alignment
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Figure 6-42. eBirdRad display based
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Figure 6-44. A partial history of t
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6.2 SAMPLING PROTOCOL 6.2.1 Quantit
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Figure 6-46. Image from the track h
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Table 6-14. Dates, times and names
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Figure 6-48. Fifteen-minute (06:04-
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Figure 6-50. Fifteen-minute (02:24-
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We used a TVW to process the plots
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Figure 6-53. In an example of night
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6.2.1.4 Efficiently Stores Bird Tra
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Figure 6-56 shows sites 13-24 in th
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We extracted the radar data for thi
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Figure 6-57. Digital image of the d
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Table 6-17. Altitudinal distributio
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hours apart, showed considerable va
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• The sampling event time period
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underwent a 4-minute initialization
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Figure 6-62. DRP Live application l
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commands we issued to the radar; th
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4. Range Decrease (x7) 5. Range Inc
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Figure 6-65, Figure 6-66, and Figur
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6.2.2.4 Provides Spatial Distributi
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Figure 6-69. A plot of all track ac
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Figure 6-71. Twelve 2-hour historie
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Figure 6-72. TVW application displa
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Conclusion Figure 6-74. Oblique vie
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Archived Data to a GIS We used the
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(SQL). Extracting target data from
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Figure 6-78. Daily, unfiltered, tra
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Figure 6-79. Time periods selected
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Figure 6-82. Hourly track count ove
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esults are displayed in Figure 6-83
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As can be seen in Figure 6-83, the
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Figure 6-84 clearly demonstrates th
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Conclusion We have successfully dem
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LAN within a facility to the operat
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All reference times were recorded i
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Description of Remote Display - As
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mounted laptop computer (Figure 6-8
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very good because the system was sa
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operations personnel or their contr
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Figure 6-90. Alarm status pane and
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Figure 6-92. Alarm triggered as a f
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Figure 6-95. Screen capture of the
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Figure 6-96. An example from a data
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Table 6-29. Differences found betwe
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6.4 DATA INTEGRATION 6.4.1 Quantita
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Figure 6-100. Screen captures for S
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We used a screen-capture program at
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Results Table 6-32 records the time
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We acquired the appropriate plots a
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Figure 6-105. Track histories of ta
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synchronized, both spatially and te
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0.004687 seconds ahead of the NTP t
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Figure 6-108: COP display showing f
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Figure 6-110: TVW display showing t
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The next example from NASWI involve
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Figure 6-114: TVW display showing t
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Figure 6-116: COP display showing a
Page 275 and 276: Fusion processing was enabled in th
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Page 279 and 280: Figure 6-122: Track IDs shown for b
Page 281 and 282: Conclusion We successfully demonstr
Page 283 and 284: Of course, many other factors contr
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Page 287 and 288: Methods The US military 27 designat
Page 289 and 290: Natural R.esoan:es Br.mch 22541Jolm
Page 291 and 292: Given these considerations, the IVA
Page 293 and 294: Results No maintenance was required
Page 295 and 296: acquired and is testing JRC S-band
Page 297 and 298: areas of overlap. Data fusion algor
Page 299 and 300: 6.8 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND PER
Page 301 and 302: Table 7-1. Cost Model for a Standal
Page 303 and 304: additional processors account of th
Page 305 and 306: Installation Site Assessment - Rada
Page 307 and 308: e incurred, depending on what infor
Page 309 and 310: eal time, avian radars and can dete
Page 311 and 312: Network Connectivity. The US Depart
Page 313 and 314: Airport Improvement Program (AIP) f
Page 315 and 316: 9 REFERENCES Anderson, C., and S. O
Page 317 and 318: APPENDIX A. POINTS OF CONTACT POINT
Page 319 and 320: POINT OF CONTACT Name Ryan King Mat
Page 321 and 322: APPENDIX B. ANALYTICAL METHODS SUPP
Page 323 and 324: METHOD #2: VALIDATION BY IMAGE COMP
Page 325: The pattern of yellows and blues in
Page 329 and 330: will measured the magnetic bearing
Page 331 and 332: Figure B-6. Using a GPS to record s
Page 333 and 334: • Visual Observer - observes bird
Page 335 and 336: Figure B-9. Flowchart of target con
Page 337 and 338: VT: “Radar, Team 2-Alpha copies T
Page 339 and 340: eam and the VTs have difficulty loc
Page 341 and 342: why it was changed, who made the ch
Page 343 and 344: METHOD #4: CONFIRMATION OF BIRD TAR
Page 345 and 346: Figure B-12. Duplexed image showing
Page 347 and 348: Table B-2. Dates, times, and antenn
Page 349 and 350: For the analysis of the simultaneou
Page 351 and 352: Table B-3. Altitude of the radar be
Page 353 and 354: Figure B-17. Diagram of sampling
Page 355 and 356: METHOD #6: DEMONSTRATING REAL-TIME
Page 357 and 358: APPENDIX C. DATA QUALITY ASSURANCE/
Page 359 and 360: APPENDIX D. SUPPORTING DATA D.1 Par
Page 361 and 362: Table D-1 (cont.). Date Track ID Up
Page 367 and 368: D.2 Listing of One-Hour Track Histo
Page 369 and 370: Table D-2 (cont.). 07:00-08:00 WI_A
Page 371 and 372: APPENDIX E. SURVEY OF AIRPORT PERSO
Page 373 and 374: used as the real-time target becaus
Page 375 and 376: Table E-1. Remote radar display lat
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7. Please rate the following where
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