(IVAR) - Final Report - Strategic Environmental Research and ...

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The following are specific considerations regarding minimizing HERF, HERO, and HERP conditions. It should be noted that the ability to remotely control the operation of the radar (see Section 6.2.2.3) is particularly beneficial in this regard. Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Fuels (HERF) The greatest risk of HERF conditions at an airfield occurs during refueling operations, which are typically conducted at fixed locations. Once the type of radar transceiver is known, Air Operations can calculate the safe operating distance for HERF conditions. Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance (HERO) Much like refueling sites, ordnance storage is usually at fixed locations; thus, the safe operating distances for the radar can be calculated much like those for HERF. Those safe operating distances can, however, change when ordnance is transported to and from these storage locations, or when they are loaded onto an operating aircraft. For this reason, procedures such as those described above and in Figure 6-124 are established to ensure that the radar is silenced when HERO conditions warrant. Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Personnel (HERP) As with HERF and HERO, Air Operations calculates the safe distances for HERP relative to those areas where people work, congregate, or transit. However, HERP has the added dimension that the Natural Resources staff must at times work in or near the radar trailer. Likewise, other personnel who approach the radar trailers need be alerted to the potential danger from RF radiation. For these reasons, the IVAR project made its own determination of safe distances for personnel approaching the avian radars used in these studies. The US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has established that the maximum safe level of exposure of humans to microwave (RF) radiation is 0.2mW/cm 2 . They have further determined that the average intensity of a rotating X-band marine radar operating at the same height as the subject drops below this level at a distance of 2-3 m. Within these general guidelines, a variety of factors influence the distance at which a person would be exposed to these levels of RF radiation from the radars operated as part of the IVAR project. These factors include: • The peak power output of the radar; some in the IVAR studies were 50 kW, others were 25 kW. • Whether the transceiver is mounted on top of the trailer, or on a cart close to the ground. This factor determines how far from the transceiver the main radar beam would intersect a person standing on the ground. • Whether the antenna type is a dish or an array. Dish (i.e., parabolic) antennas have a narrower, focused beam (e.g., 4° on the eBirdRad units) and are usually elevated at an angle (e.g., 5°-7°) above the horizontal. Array antennas have a wider beam (e.g., 10° above and below horizontal for the AR-1 radars) and are not angled above the horizontal. • Whether the antenna is rotating or “staring” (i.e., transmitting but not rotating). The CEAT project used radars in staring mode for some short-duration calibration studies; all of the demonstrations described in this report used rotating antennas. 266
Given these considerations, the IVAR and CEAT projects adopted a more conservative value of 10 m or more as the safe distances between project personnel and a transceiver with a rotating antenna. Project personnel place orange safety cones around the radars as illustrated in Figure 6-125 to demarcate this 10 m (or greater) safe HERP distance. All personnel who worked at or near the operating radars were instructed to always assume a rotating antenna is transmitting and to maintain a minimum of 10 m distance from a transceiver, except when entering or exiting a trailer with a roof-mounted transceiver. Figure 6-125. eBirdRad avian radar at NAS Whidbey Island, showing orange safety cones used to indicate to personnel the safe distance to approach the radar when it is operating. The older eBirdRad radars have their transceiver mounted on a cart (see Section 2.4.2). The main radar beam is consequently emitted closer to the ground than those of transceivers that are roof-mounted. The cart-mounted transceivers are, however, connected to the trailer by a 50 ft. (15 m) umbilical cable; thus, when deployed the transceiver is more than 10 m from any personnel working in or near the trailer. Figure 6-126 illustrates the placement of orange safety cones around the eBirdRad cart at EAFB. This was a temporary location for the eBirdRad, before the transceiver was mounted on the roof of the Operations Building (in background) for the IVAR studies. The safety cones, which are less than 10 m from the cart, are there to warn pedestrians of the obstruction on the sidewalk. 267
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FINAL REPORT Integration and Valida
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Table of Contents List of Tables ..
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APPENDIX A. POINTS OF CONTACT .....
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Table 6-17. Altitudinal distributio
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List of Figures Figure 2-1. Chronol
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Figure 6-17. Plot of the northing c
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Figure 6-42. eBirdRad display based
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Figure 6-82. Hourly track count ove
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Figure 6-115: COP display showing f
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List of Acronyms Acronym AGL AIP AR
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Acronym RST RT SEA SQL SSC Pacific
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Carmen Lombardo Naval Air Station,
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Military bases an
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database and redistributed to other
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1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND Encro
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A seventh objective, the Functional
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Table 1-1 (cont.). IVAR TASK/ OBJEC
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environmental stewardship with miss
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2 TECHNOLOGY/METHODOLOGY DESCRIPTIO
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The original BirdRad system was des
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2.4 TECHNOLOGY/METHODOLOGY DEVELOPM
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Figure 2-2. Configuration of BirdRa
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2.4.3 eBirdRad - Digital Radars wit
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Figure 2-5. Interior view of the eB
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accuracy and target continuity over
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permanently installed at SEA. Prior
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2.5 ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OF T
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3 PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES Table 3-1
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Table 3-1 (cont.). Performance Obje
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For the third test, Validation Usin
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temporal domain by recording all bi
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3.1.2.2.7 Provides Bird Abundance o
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difference in the time (i.e., the l
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3.1.6.2.4 Maintenance [SE4.2] We es
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Table 4-1. Summary of the IVAR stud
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4.1 MCAS CHERRY POINT Marine Corps
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2006 the primary eBirdRad unit from
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(directional WiFi) to the Internet.
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• Large (several thousand) flocks
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location for demonstrating the capa
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5.1 CONCEPTUAL TEST DESIGN 5 TEST D
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5.3 DESIGN AND LAYOUT OF TECHNOLOGY
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Assuming these lines evidence confi
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that dataset [Section 6.5.1.3]. 5.5
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6 PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT The Perfor
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ecord the time, Track ID, and other
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Figure 6-1. Percentage of targets c
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Comparing the performance of dish v
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Figure 6-4. The basic sensor elemen
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Figure 6-6. The polygon around the
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Figure 6-8. Diagram of sampling “
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• It takes several scans (nominal
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Session Correla tions 600 500 y = 1
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To evaluate the capabilities of the
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Figure 6-15. Runway 3 at SEA, showi
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comparisons between the RCH-GPS dat
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Figure 6-18. Plot of the northing c
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Figure 6-20. Plot of the easting co
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Conclusion In the quantitative perf
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Table 6-8. Column headings of the T
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Table 6-9 demonstrates quantitative
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Table 6-10. The parameters of targe
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Table 6-11. The position of Visual
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Table 6-12. Solitary targets at MCA
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Figure 6-23. The track of target T2
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intended to demonstrate these syste
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Figure 6-34. Screen capture of bird
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6.1.2 Qualitative Performance Crite
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upper right have completely converg
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Figure 6-38. The progression of the
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The slight difference in alignment
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Figure 6-42. eBirdRad display based
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Figure 6-44. A partial history of t
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6.2 SAMPLING PROTOCOL 6.2.1 Quantit
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Figure 6-46. Image from the track h
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Table 6-14. Dates, times and names
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Figure 6-48. Fifteen-minute (06:04-
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Figure 6-50. Fifteen-minute (02:24-
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We used a TVW to process the plots
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Figure 6-53. In an example of night
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6.2.1.4 Efficiently Stores Bird Tra
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Figure 6-56 shows sites 13-24 in th
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We extracted the radar data for thi
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Figure 6-57. Digital image of the d
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Table 6-17. Altitudinal distributio
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hours apart, showed considerable va
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• The sampling event time period
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underwent a 4-minute initialization
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Figure 6-62. DRP Live application l
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commands we issued to the radar; th
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4. Range Decrease (x7) 5. Range Inc
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Figure 6-65, Figure 6-66, and Figur
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6.2.2.4 Provides Spatial Distributi
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Figure 6-69. A plot of all track ac
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Figure 6-71. Twelve 2-hour historie
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Figure 6-72. TVW application displa
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Conclusion Figure 6-74. Oblique vie
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Archived Data to a GIS We used the
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(SQL). Extracting target data from
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Figure 6-78. Daily, unfiltered, tra
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Figure 6-79. Time periods selected
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Figure 6-82. Hourly track count ove
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esults are displayed in Figure 6-83
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As can be seen in Figure 6-83, the
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Figure 6-84 clearly demonstrates th
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Conclusion We have successfully dem
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LAN within a facility to the operat
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All reference times were recorded i
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Description of Remote Display - As
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mounted laptop computer (Figure 6-8
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very good because the system was sa
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operations personnel or their contr
Page 239 and 240: Figure 6-90. Alarm status pane and
Page 241 and 242: Figure 6-92. Alarm triggered as a f
Page 243 and 244: Figure 6-95. Screen capture of the
Page 245 and 246: Figure 6-96. An example from a data
Page 247 and 248: Table 6-29. Differences found betwe
Page 249 and 250: 6.4 DATA INTEGRATION 6.4.1 Quantita
Page 251 and 252: Figure 6-100. Screen captures for S
Page 253 and 254: We used a screen-capture program at
Page 255 and 256: Results Table 6-32 records the time
Page 257 and 258: We acquired the appropriate plots a
Page 259 and 260: Figure 6-105. Track histories of ta
Page 261 and 262: synchronized, both spatially and te
Page 263 and 264: 0.004687 seconds ahead of the NTP t
Page 265 and 266: Figure 6-108: COP display showing f
Page 267 and 268: Figure 6-110: TVW display showing t
Page 269 and 270: The next example from NASWI involve
Page 271 and 272: Figure 6-114: TVW display showing t
Page 273 and 274: Figure 6-116: COP display showing a
Page 275 and 276: Fusion processing was enabled in th
Page 277 and 278: processing associated with this dat
Page 279 and 280: Figure 6-122: Track IDs shown for b
Page 281 and 282: Conclusion We successfully demonstr
Page 283 and 284: Of course, many other factors contr
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Page 287 and 288: Methods The US military 27 designat
Page 289: Natural R.esoan:es Br.mch 22541Jolm
Page 293 and 294: Results No maintenance was required
Page 295 and 296: acquired and is testing JRC S-band
Page 297 and 298: areas of overlap. Data fusion algor
Page 299 and 300: 6.8 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND PER
Page 301 and 302: Table 7-1. Cost Model for a Standal
Page 303 and 304: additional processors account of th
Page 305 and 306: Installation Site Assessment - Rada
Page 307 and 308: e incurred, depending on what infor
Page 309 and 310: eal time, avian radars and can dete
Page 311 and 312: Network Connectivity. The US Depart
Page 313 and 314: Airport Improvement Program (AIP) f
Page 315 and 316: 9 REFERENCES Anderson, C., and S. O
Page 317 and 318: APPENDIX A. POINTS OF CONTACT POINT
Page 319 and 320: POINT OF CONTACT Name Ryan King Mat
Page 321 and 322: APPENDIX B. ANALYTICAL METHODS SUPP
Page 323 and 324: METHOD #2: VALIDATION BY IMAGE COMP
Page 325 and 326: The pattern of yellows and blues in
Page 327 and 328: Radar Team (RT) Site Selection Sinc
Page 329 and 330: will measured the magnetic bearing
Page 331 and 332: Figure B-6. Using a GPS to record s
Page 333 and 334: • Visual Observer - observes bird
Page 335 and 336: Figure B-9. Flowchart of target con
Page 337 and 338: VT: “Radar, Team 2-Alpha copies T
Page 339 and 340: eam and the VTs have difficulty loc
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why it was changed, who made the ch
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METHOD #4: CONFIRMATION OF BIRD TAR
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Figure B-12. Duplexed image showing
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Table B-2. Dates, times, and antenn
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For the analysis of the simultaneou
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Table B-3. Altitude of the radar be
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Figure B-17. Diagram of sampling
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METHOD #6: DEMONSTRATING REAL-TIME
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APPENDIX C. DATA QUALITY ASSURANCE/
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APPENDIX D. SUPPORTING DATA D.1 Par
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Table D-1 (cont.). Date Track ID Up
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D.2 Listing of One-Hour Track Histo
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Table D-2 (cont.). 07:00-08:00 WI_A
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APPENDIX E. SURVEY OF AIRPORT PERSO
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used as the real-time target becaus
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Table E-1. Remote radar display lat
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7. Please rate the following where
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