ICMCTF 2012! - CD-Lab Application Oriented Coating Development

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mm 3 /Nm to ~18 x 10 -5 mm 3 /Nm, indicating a mild wear regime, as expected, was attributed to the increase of the coating hardness. 9:20am B4-2-6 Abrasive wear properties of AlCrN, AlTiN and CrN coatings, J.L.M. Mo, M.H. Zhu, Southwest Jiaotong University, China, A. Leyland, A. Matthews (A.Matthews@sheffield.ac.uk), University of Sheffield, UK Abrasive wear properties of AlCrN, AlTiN and CrN coatings deposited by a multiple arc vapor deposition technique on cemented carbide substrates were evaluated on a micro-scale abrasion tester under different normal loads (Fn=0.2, 1 N) and different numbers of ball revolutions (N=10, 20, 50, 100, 200 rev) . A micro-blasted 25 mm diameter hardened steel sphere was used as counterface ball and a suspension of SiC particles (mean size of 4-5 μm) as the abrasive slurry. After the wear tests, the wear craters were studied by stylus profilometer and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and the wear behaviors were investigated. It was shown that the AlCrN coating had much better anti-abrasive wear properties than the AlTiN coating, though the latter had a lower Habrasive particles/Hsurface ratio. The CrN coating exhibited much worse abrasive wear resistance as compared to the two ternary nitride coatings. A three-body rolling wear mechanism was found to be dominant under the relative lower normal load of 0.2 N. However, the three coatings showed different abrasive wear degradation behaviors: the AlCrN coating showed the best resistance to the impaction deformation and thus a great potential in rolling wear resistance, the AlTiN coating showed relative higher wear rate with the worn surface being characterized by a heavier deformation, the CrN coating showed the worst abrasive wear resistance by heavier plastic deformation and a dominant wear mechanism of cracking and micro-spalling. The difference between the AlCrN and AlTiN coatings were further studied under higher normal load of 1 N, in that case two-body grooving wear was the relatively dominant mechanism, the AlTiN coating exhibited much heavier grooving wear than the AlCrN coating. 9:40am B4-2-7 Annealing-induced structural and mechanical property changes of CVD-(Si)-B-C coatings, C. Pallier, G. Chollon (chollon@lcts.u-bordeaux1.fr), P. Weisbecker, F. Teyssandier, LCTS- CNRS, France Amorphous B-C and Si-B-C ceramics were deposited by CVD from BCl3- CH4-H2 and BCl3-CH3SiCl3-H2 mixtures, respectively, at temperatures around 1000°C and reduced pressure. All the as-deposited (Si)-B-C ceramic coatings are nearly amorphous and consist of a common very disordered boron carbide phase (BxC) and, in the Si-B-C coatings, sub-nanometric SiC crystals. The proportions of the BxC and the SiC phases vary with the deposition conditions. A SiC grain growth is observed after heat treatment beyond 1200°C, while the amorphous B-C-rich phase is gradually transformed into free aromatic carbon and B4C nanocrystals, in agreement with the thermodynamic equilibrium. This particular crystallization process is expected to lead to a significant time/temperature-dependent change of the density and the mechanical properties. It has to be considered to better understand and predict the behavior of the ceramic matrix composite parts in future aeronautic engines. The crystallization behavior in inert atmosphere of the (Si)-B-C ceramics is investigated in situ, by differential scanning calorimetry analyses and X-ray diffraction. Ex-situ analyses are also conducted by heat-treating the specimens under high vacuum at different temperatures/durations, and by characterizing the resulting microstructures at short and long range, by solid MAS-NMR, Raman microspectroscopy, neutron diffraction, X-ray absorption, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Indentation tests are achieved at room temperature on the pristine and annealed coatings, to evaluate their stiffness, hardness and toughness. High temperature tensile tests are also performed on model 1D composites consisting of (Si)-B-C coatings deposited on soft carbon monofilaments. These micro tensile tests allow the evaluation of the changes of (i) the volume (or density), (ii) the Young’s modulus, (iii) the creep rate and (iv) the thermal expansion of the coatings. We expect the mechanical behavior and the structural ordering of the (Si)-B-C ceramics to be strongly interrelated. The results obtained on the various specimens will be discussed on the basis of their elemental composition, initial structure and processing conditions. 10:00am B4-2-8 Thermal evolution of thermal, electrical and optical properties of Ti-Al-N coatings, R. Rachbauer (richard.rachbauer@oerlikon.com) OC Oerlikon Balzers AG, Liechtenstein, J.J. Gengler, Air Force Research Laboratory, Thermal Sciences and Materials Branch, US, A. Voevodin, Air Force Research Laboratory, US, K. Resch, Materials Science and Testing of Plastics, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Austria, P.H. Mayrhofer, Montanuniversität Leoben, Austria Physically vapor deposited Ti1-xAlxN thin films are well acknowledged in various industrial applications due to their beneficial effect on lifetime and performance of e.g. cutting or milling tools. The excellent thermal stability Wednesday Morning, April 25, 2012 52 of Ti1-xAlxN is determined by the incorporation of Al on Ti lattice sites in a cubic (c) supersaturated metastable solid solution of Ti1-xAlxN after deposition. Thermally activated diffusion processes lead however to a series of decomposition phenomena, involving first recovery of deposition induced defects and then the spinodal decomposition process which accounts for a hardness increase with increasing isostructural decomposition state into c-TiN- and c-AlN-enriched domains [1, 2]. The subsequent recrystallisation and development of a dual phase structure composed of cubic TiN and hexagonal AlN initiates deteriorating mechanical properties. Earlier investigations [3] have proven the big potential of the age hardening phenomenon for high temperature applications in cutting applications, however the development of thermal, electrical and optical properties has not yet been investigated as a function of temperature. Hence, the present study focuses on the thermal evolution of heat conductivity, electrical resistivity and optical reflectance from room temperature up to 1400 °C and relates to decomposition induced structural and chemical changes of Ti1-xAlxN. This contribution aims for a deeper understanding of Ti1-xAlxN thin films under thermal load, which is necessary for the development of e.g. state-of-the-art protective coatings for cutting tools or thermal barrier coatings for electronic devices. References: [1] P. H. Mayrhofer, A. Hörling, L. Karlsson, J. Sjölen, T. Larsson, C. Mitterer, L. Hultman, Self-organized nanostructures in the Ti-Al-N system, Appl. Phys. Lett. 83 (2003) 2049-2051 [2] R. Rachbauer, S. Massl, E. Stergar, D. Holec, D. Kiener, J. Keckes, J. Patscheider, M. Stiefel, H. Leitner, P. H. Mayrhofer, Decomposition pathways in age hardening of Ti-Al-N thin films, J. Appl. Phys. 110 (2011) 023515 [3] A. Hörling, L. Hultman, M. Odén, J. Sjölen, L. Karlsson, Mechanical properties and machining performance of Ti1-xAlxN-coated cutting tools, Surf. Coat. Technol. 191 (20005) 384-392 10:20am B4-2-9 Pressure and Temperature Effects on the Decomposition of Arc Evaporated Ti1-xAlxN Coatings During Metal Machining, N. Norrby (nikno@ifm.liu.se), M. Johansson, Linköping University, Sweden, R. M'Saoubi, Seco Tools AB., Sweden, M. Odén, Linköping University, Sweden This study focuses on the coherent and isostructural decomposition of cubic c-(Ti,Al)N thin films during metal machining, i.e. under the influence of large normal stress and elevated temperature typical for the selected cutting application. It is well known that c-(Ti,Al)N decomposes in two steps at elevated temperatures. In the first step, c-(Ti,Al)N decomposes spinodally into coherent isostructural cubic TiN- and AlN-enriched domains and in the second step a transformation from c-AlN to the stable wurtzite AlN occurs. Associated with the first step is an increase in hardness due to a coherency strain between the domains whereas the second step introduces large incoherent precipitates, thus rapidly lowering the hardness. However, the insight on the decomposition process during the application of variable stresses and heat, as in the case of metal cutting is scarce. Here we have deposited thin films of Ti0.6Al0.4N by cathodic arc evaporation onto tungsten carbide (WC-Co) cutting tool inserts and studied the phase and microstructure evolution after a continuous turning operation for 10 minutes in carbon steel (C45E). For comparison, reference samples have been heat treated with a heating rate of 20 Kmin -1 followed by an isothermal step of 10 minutes at 900 °C and 1000 °C respectively. During turning at variable cutting speeds, vc , between 100 m/min and 400 m/min, the peak temperature at the cutting edge was between 750 °C and 950 °C as measured by an IR-CCD camera. The peak normal stress, evaluated from measured contact forces during cutting, was about 2 GPa and independent of the range of cutting speeds investigated. The deduced stress distribution also shows that the normal stress along the rake face is decreasing with an increasing distance from the cutting edge towards the end of the tool-chip contact. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), including analytical scanning TEM (STEM) has been used for detailed characterizations of the tool-chip interface along the cutting edge. The progression of the spinodal decomposition is determined by the domain size of the TiN and AlN enriched domains and is measured from STEM micrographs. After heat treatments, the results show an increased domain size from 2.8 to 5.0 nm with increasing annealing temperature from 900 to 1000 °C which is expected. After cutting tests however, an increase in domain size from 3.2 to 5.6 nm is seen with the increasing normal stress along the cutting edge. This implies that even relatively small pressures promote coherent isostructural decomposition, which is in line with theoretical studies but has previously not been shown experimentally.
10:40am B4-2-10 Understanding the deformation kinetics of Ti1-xAlxN ceramics at moderately elevated temperatures, C. Ciurea (ccc109@imperial.ac.uk), V. Bhakhri, N. Ni, Imperial College London - South Kensington Campus, UK, P.H. Mayrhofer, Montanuniversität Leoben, Austria, F. Giuliani, Imperial College London - South Kensington Campus, UK This work presents a comparative study of the influence of temperature on the mechanical behaviour of bulk single crystal (001) TiN (SC-TiN), magnetron sputtered single crystal TiN and magnetron sputtered Ti1-xAlxN films (x=0.34,0.52) deposited on (001) MgO substrates. High temperature nanoindentation (room temperature to 350 o C) was used to extract fundamental deformation rate-controlling parameters such as activation volume, activation energy and Peierls stress, demonstrating the usefulness of the indentation as an effective experimental technique for investigating kinetics of plastic deformation in ceramics at moderately elevated temperatures. This analysis showed that the hardness of bulk single crystal TiN dropped from 21±0.5 GPa at 22°C to 10.7±0.45 GPa at 350°C. Interestingly, the hardness of sputtered single crystal TiN and Ti1-xAlxN with low aluminium concentration (x= 0.34) also dropped by a similar magnitude although from a higher starting values. However, the x=0.52 film exhibited a remarkable hardness stability with the temperature, showing a slight drop in values from 30±1.3 GPa at 22°C to 26±2.6 GPa at 300°C. This suggests that increase in Al addition improved not only the room temperature hardness but also lead to an increase in the activation energy for slip from 0.75 eV for SC-TiN to 1.26 eV for x=0.52 film. A heat treatment of this film at 600°C for 24 hours resulted in a slightly lower hardness and a reduction of the activation energy of slip to similar values seen in pure TiN. It is proposed that this hardening increase is linked to the local distribution of Al within the TiN matrix and this will be supported by high resolution TEM. 11:00am B4-2-11 The Influence of Bias Voltage on Residual Stresses and Tribological Behavior of Ti/TiAlN and Cr/CrAlN Multilayer Systems, W. Tillmann (wolfgang.tillmann@tu-dortmund.de), T. Sprute, F. Hoffmann, Technische Universität Dortmund, Germany The increase of the life span and thus a more efficient use of tools are important goals related to industrial applications. Owing to this purpose, friction as well as wear should be reduced significantly. PVD (Physical Vapour Deposition) coatings such as Ti / TiAlN or Cr / CrAlN meet these requirements and possess a high wear resistance. Due to the high heat resistance of titanium aluminum nitride, these coatings have a great potential for the use in forming tools employed at elevated temperatures . However, the different thermoelastic properties of the multilayer system and substrate can lead to delamination and spallation of the layers after the deposition process due to critical residual stress states. Therefore, the influences of the bias voltage on the residual stresses, as well as the tribological properties, were investigated within the scope of this work in order to understand the operational behavior of multilayer systems. The production parameter should be varied to favorably adjust the residual stress states selectively and to produce a sound coating system. By means of a magnetron sputtering device both multilayer systems were deposited on hot work steel substrates AISI H11. In addition to the metallurgical phase analysis, residual stress measurements were performed using X - ray diffractometry . The structure and the morphology investigations of the coatings were determined by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Furthermore, a nanoindenter and a ball-ondisk device were employed in order to characterize the mechanical and tribological properties and to clarify the effect of the process parameter on the service behavior of the PVD coating. 11:20am B4-2-12 The effect of Yttrium addition on TiAlN coating, L. Zhu (lhzhu@mail.shu.edu.cn), M. Hu, Shanghai University, China, W. Ni, Y. Liu, Kennametal Incorporated, US TiAlYN coating was deposited by cathodic arc evaporation method. The effect of yttrium addition on the microstructure and properties of TiAlN coating was studied. Lattice parameter of TiAlN increases with addition of yttrium. Also, it helps to improve the columnar structure and decrease the grain size. TiAlYN coating exhibits higher hardness and higher residual compress stress than TiAlN coating. The oxidation resistance of TiAlYN coating at 900 � is superior to TiAlN coating. The anti-oxidation mechanism of TiAlYN coating is also discussed in this paper. Hard Coatings and Vapor Deposition Technology Room: Royal Palm 1-3 - Session B5-1 Hard and Multifunctional Nano-Structured Coatings Moderator: J. Paulitsch, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Application Oriented Coating Development at the Department of Physical Metallurgy and Materials Testing, Montanuniversitӓt Leoben, Austria, R. Sanjines, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland, P. Zeman, University of West Bohemia, Czech Republic 8:00am B5-1-1 A study of microstructures and mechanical properties of cathodic arc deposited CrCN/ZrCN multilayer coatings, C.Y. Tong, J.W. Lee (jefflee@mail.mcut.edu.tw), Ming Chi University of Technology, Taiwan, S.H. Huang, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan, Y.B. Lin, C.C. Kuo, Ming Chi University of Technology, Taiwan, T.E. Hsieh, Gigastorage Corporation, Taiwan, Y.C. Chan, H.W. Chen, J.G. Duh, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan The nanostructured CrCN/ZrCN multilayer coatings were deposited periodically by the cathodic arc deposition system. The bilayer period of CrCN/ZrCN multilayer coating was kept at 16 nm. The C2H2 gas flow rate was adjusted to fabricate the CrCN/ZrCN multilayer coatings with different carbon contents. The crystalline structure of multilayer coatings was determined by a glancing angle X-ray diffractometer. Microstructures of thin films were examined by a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. A nanoindenter, scratch tester and pin-on-disk wear tests were used to evaluate the hardness, adhesion and tribological properties of thin films, respectively. It was found that the hardness and tribological properties were strongly influenced by the carbon contents of the CrCN/ZrCN multilayer coatings. Optimal carbon content was proposed in this work. 8:20am B5-1-2 Effect of Zr content on structural, mechanical and phase transformation properties of magnetron sputtered TiNiZr shape memory alloy thin films, D. Kaur (dkaurfph@iitr.ernet.in), N. Kaur, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, India The present study explored the in-situ deposition of TiNiZr shape memory thin films on Si substrate using co-sputtering of NiTi and Zr targets. The influence of Zr concentration on phase formation, microstructure, mechanical and phase transformation behavior of TiNiZr was systematically investigated. The crystalline structure, orientation, average crystallite size and phases present in NiTiZr films were determined by Xray diffractormeter. The microstructure of the films was determined by field emission scanning electron microstructure (FESEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The film thickness was determined by using surface profilometer and cross-sectional FESEM. Nanoindentation tests were conducted at room temperature. TiNiZr thin films were found to exhibit high hardness, increased reduced modulus and better wear resistance by increasing the Zr content. Electrical properties were studied by using four probe method demonstrate a very interesting phase transformation behavior leading to two way shape memory effect and transformation temperature was increased by increasing Zr content leading to enhanced response speed of TiNiZr shape memory alloys due to large thermal gradient with environment. The enhanced properties of NiTiZr shape memory alloy films makes them technologically important material for variety of high temperature MEMS applications including micro grippers, Microvalves, Micropumps and micro mirrors. Keywords: NiTiZr; Magnetron Sputtering; Shape memory; Nanoindentation 8:40am B5-1-3 Self-Organized nano-Labyrinth Structure in Magnetron Sputtered Zr0.6Al0.4N(001) Thin Films on MgO(001 ), N. Ghafoor (naugh@ifm.liu.se), L. Johnson, Linköping University, Sweden, D. Klenov, FEI Company, B. Alling, Linköping University, Sweden, I. Petrov, J.E. Greene, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, US, L. Hultman, M. Odén, Linköping University, Sweden Self-Organized nano-Labyrinth Structure in Magnetron Sputtered Zr0.6Al0.4N(001) Thin Films on MgO(001) N. Ghafoor 1 , L. J. S. Johnson 1 , D. O. Klenov 2 , B. Alling 1 , I. Petrov 1, 3 , J. E. Greene 1, 3 , L. Hultman 1 , M. Odén 1 1 Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden 2 FEI Company, Building AAE, Achtseweg Noord 5, Eindhoven, The Netherlands 53 Wednesday Morning, April 25, 2012
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I C M C T F 2 0 1 2 INTERNATIONAL C
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Welcoming Remarks
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2012 ICMCTF SCHEDULE OF EVENTS DAY
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SYMPOSIUM A Coatings for Use at Hig
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Marco Cremona Pontificia Universida
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Exhibitor Keynote Lecture Tuesday,
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2011/12, discuss ideas and prioriti
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At the focus topic, from the experi
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2012 R.F. Bunshah Annual Award & IC
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ICMCTF 2012 Graduate Student Awards
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ICMCTF 2012 thanks Plansee for thei
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ICMCTF 2012 thanks AJA Internationa
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ICMCTF 2012 thanks CemeCon for thei
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ICMCTF 2012 Short Courses April 22
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ICMCTF 2012 Planning Grid We provid
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Key to Session/Paper Numbers A Coat
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Monday Morning, April 23, 2012 Fund
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New Horizons in Coatings and Thin F
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Fundamentals and Technology of Mult
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Advanced Characterization of Coatin
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Hard Coatings and Vapor Deposition
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Tribology & Mechanical Behavior of
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Hard Coatings and Vapor Deposition
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Coatings for Use at High Temperatur
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Applications, Manufacturing, and Eq
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Wednesday Afternoon, April 25, 2012
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Thursday Afternoon Poster Sessions
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Free Caricatures & Massages!! E-1 V
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ICMCTF 2012 EXHIBIT HALL Internatio
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I C M C T F 2012 S P O N S O R S Bo
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All in Good Measure A 24 µm scan o
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Call For Abstracts Deadline: MAY 2,
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CC800 ® /9 HIPIMS true integration
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Exhibit Hall Reception - Atlas Ball
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Kaufman & Robinson announces their
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Miba Coating Group is the specialis
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PLANSEE SE, 6600 Reutte, Austria, T
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� ��
Page 101 and 102: Plenary Talk Room: Golden Ballroom
Page 103 and 104: content. Analyses of the oxidised c
Page 105 and 106: - The control on the gradient in re
Page 107 and 108: μ = 0.4 to μ = 0.9). On the other
Page 109 and 110: Hard Coatings and Vapor Deposition
Page 111 and 112: application tests the ta-C coated d
Page 113 and 114: 4:10pm C2-2/F4-2-10 Investigation o
Page 115 and 116: process with surfactant on WO3/ITO
Page 117 and 118: is already reported. To further com
Page 119 and 120: conditions. The details of the comp
Page 121 and 122: esidual stress and to the Poisson
Page 123 and 124: Coatings for Use at High Temperatur
Page 125 and 126: eactive gases with the target mater
Page 129 and 130: emerging fields. State-of-the-art t
Page 131 and 132: transparent conducting layers. Howe
Page 133 and 134: methods provide similar carrier den
Page 135 and 136: of AISI 52100 steels by developing
Page 137 and 138: deposition based on high power puls
Page 141 and 142: coatings removed from the aluminum
Page 143 and 144: spectroscopy varies from 25 at% to
Page 145 and 146: This article describes how to use s
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Page 149 and 150: Furthermore, the silane coupling ag
Page 151: 10:40am A1-1-9 High temperature oxi
Page 155 and 156: 11:00am B5-1-10 Hard nanocrystallin
Page 157 and 158: * Sandia National Laboratories is a
Page 159 and 160: fluidized bed of tin, zinc and alum
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Page 165 and 166: duration for super-low friction see
Page 167 and 168: stainless steel DIN X42Cr13 surface
Page 169 and 170: 2:30pm TS1-1-3 Surface engineering
Page 175 and 176: X-ray diffraction patterns of the Z
Page 177 and 178: 11:20am B6-1-11 Direct current magn
Page 179 and 180: loading situations could help to ob
Page 181 and 182: Energetic Materials and Micro-Struc
Page 183 and 184: The present work was supported by t
Page 185 and 186: silica-based hydrophilic coatings i
Page 187 and 188: extent depending on the actual grow
Page 189 and 190: [1] F. Tasnádi, B. Alling, C. Hög
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Page 193 and 194: showed by the uncoated 4140 steel s
Page 195 and 196: polarization resistance and corrosi
Page 197 and 198: thin films in which a multiscale mo
Page 199 and 200: centers, ascribed to conduction ele
Page 201 and 202: BP-26 Characterization of laser abl
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BP-38 Stress signature of an amorph
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simultaneously optimize materials p
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CP-17 Effects of UV Light Treatment
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amorphous structure with a smooth s
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addition, it was observed that the
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EP-5 The effective Indenter concept
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the substrates directly or after ra
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as-grown films using textured Si as
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proposed memory device exhibits exc
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FP-24 Effect of hydrogen addition o
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oxide obtained was correlated to th
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Post Deadline Discoveries and Innov
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chemical bonds have also been achie
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9:40am B3-1-6 Compressive stress ge
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10:20am D2-1-8 Corrosion Resistance
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property combination is attractive
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PVD is a challenging task. The pres
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Chang, G.W.: C2-3/F4-3-3, 29; GP-3,
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Huang, K.H.: BP-33, 102 Huang, P.H.
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Moody, N.R.: F6-1-1, 7 Moon, S.: D1
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Szeremley, D.: G3-1-7, 68 Szesz, E.
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NOTES 145
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Description of Research Highlights:
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their presentations in order to eva
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NOTES 151
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153
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