ICMCTF 2012! - CD-Lab Application Oriented Coating Development

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EP-13 Adhesion tendency of polymers to hard coatings, M. Rebelo de Figueiredo (marisa.figueiredo@unileoben.ac.at), C. Bergmann, C. Ganser, C. Teichert, C. Mitterer, Montanuniversität Leoben, Austria In micro-injection moulding of small, precise and complex-shaped polymer parts, adhesion between the mould and the polymer needs to be minimized to achieve the requested tolerances of the parts and sufficient lifetime of the mould. Therefore, friction and wear behavior of the coating materials TiN, CrN, Al2O3, CrAlN, TiAlN and TiCN as well as an uncoated high-speed steel were studied against the polymers of interest polyoxymethylene (POM), polyamide 6.6 (PA 6.6) and polyether ether ketone (PEEK). Ballon-disk tests in ambient air were performed at half of the melting temperature for each polymer. For POM and PEEK, the lowest friction (~0.15) and counterpart wear volume (7.8 x 10 -4 mm 3 ) were observed for CrN, whereas for PA 6.6 TiCN and TiAlN showed the lowest friction (~0.55) and CrN the lowest counterpart wear volume (1.2 x 10 -3 mm 3 ). Exsitu Raman analyses carried out on the wear tracks of both parties revealed that chemical changes in the contact were only observed for the high-speed steel, giving evidence of the presence of hematite and magnetite and most importantly transfer material of the polymer counterparts. Correlations between the Raman results as well as roughness and surface energy to the obtained friction and wear properties provided new insights regarding the understanding of the tribological behavior. EP-14 Effect of Nitrogen content on the Microstructure and Residual Stress of Ternary Ta-Ti-N Thin Films Using Magnetron Sputtering, C.K. Chung (ckchung@mail.ncku.edu.tw), Y.R. Lu, T.S. Chen, C.H. Li, Y.T. Lin, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan Binary transition metal nitride of Ta-N and Ti-N film has been extensively applied as diffusion barriers for Cu interconnection and hard coatings for protective application. The combination of Ta-N and Ti-N is expected to extend and develop functional for promising application of films. However, the films’ buckling and peel off from substrate may be observed due to high residual stress. In this paper, the ternary Ta-Ti-N thin films were fabricated by magnetron co-sputtering using various nitrogen flow ratios (FN2%) of 0- 20% for studying the evolution of microstructure and residual stress of films. The microstructure, morphology, composition, and residual stress of Ta-Ti-N films were measured by grazing incident angle X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersed spectrum, and surface profilemeter with curve fitting by Matlab, respectively. XRD patterns showed that Ta-Ti film is body center cubic structure with three distinct (110), (200) and (211) diffraction peaks and the phase transforms to face center cubic (FCC) structure as over 5 FN2%. The SEM image showed that the particle was precipitated on the film’s surface at 20 FN2% due to the over solubility of Ta-Ti-N. The tensile stress of 2.36 GPa was observed from the film at 0 FN2% while the compressive stress of 1.64 GPa was obtained at 10 FN2%. The relationship between the nitrogen flow ratios, microstructure and residual stress of ternary Ta-Ti-N thin films is discussed and established. EP-15 A study of microstructures and mechanical properties of cathodic arc deposited ZrSiN coatings with silane gas, S.H. Huang, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan, T.C. Tseng, C.Y. Tong, Y.B. Lin, J.W. Lee (jefflee@mail.mcut.edu.tw), Ming Chi University of Technology, Taiwan, T.E. Hsieh, Gigastorage Corporation, Taiwan, J.G. Duh, H.W. Chen, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan The ZrSiN coatings were deposited by the cathodic arc deposition system. The silane gas flow rate was adjusted to fabricate the ZrSiN coatings with different silicon contents. The crystalline structure of coatings was determined by a glancing angle X-ray diffractometer. Microstructures of thin films were examined by a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. A nanoindenter, scratch tester and pin-on-disk wear tests were used to evaluate the hardness, adhesion and tribological properties of thin films, respectively. It was found that the hardness and tribological properties were strongly influenced by the silane gas flow rate, i.e. the Si contents of the ZrSiN coatings. Optimal silicon content for the ZrSiN coating was proposed in this work. EP-16 Effect of micro-droplets and surface morphology on the local residual stress field in thin hard coatings, E. Bemporad (e.bemporad@stm.uniroma3.it), M. Sebastiani, M. Piccoli, F. Carassiti, University of Rome "Roma Tre", Italy The effect of surface defects on the residual stress distribution in thin coatings has been investigated by an innovative high resolution methodology, which mainly consists of incremental focused ion beam (FIB) ring-core milling (IµRCM), combined with high-resolution in situ SEM- FEG imaging of the relaxing surface and a full field strain analysis by digital image correlation (DIC). The through-thickness profile of the residual stress can be obtained with sub-micron spatial resolution (both lateral and in-depth), by comparison of the experimentally measured surface strain with finite element modeling using Schajer’s integral method. Thursday Afternoon Poster Sessions 114 Commercial Titanium Nitride (TiN) and Chromium Nitride (CrN) coatings were produced by Cathodic Arc Evaporation Physical Vapor Deposition (CAE-PVD) on tool steel substrate, which were prepared at three different roughness levels. Preliminary characterization of coatings consisted on nanoindentation testing, FIB cross section microstructural analysis and XRD (sin2ψ) average residual stress measurement and micr-scratch testing on each coating. Local residual stress were measured by the IµRCM method nearby to droplets of different size, with the main aim of investigating the effect of such defect on the residual stress in-depth distribution. FIB cross section were also prepared in correspondence of each test, in order to investigate the changes of microstructure and growth mechanism due to the defect. Residual stress were also measured in correspondence of surface roughness defects (polishing scratches, wrinkles, asperities). A series of stress measurements were finally performed on the homogeneous defect-free coating Significant differences were found in terms of residual stress and stress gradient in proximity of surface defects, in comparison with the residual stress measured in defect-free areas. In case of micro-droplets, such differences were attributed to significant modification of growth mechanisms and microstructure of the coating. This assumption was supported by the microstructural FIB-SEM observation, which showed anomalous grain growth and changes in crystal orientation in correspondence of a droplet. Finally, the observed surface residual stress local variation where correlated to the failure modes during scratch test, which could be affected by local residual stress peaks. EP-17 Tribological Behaviour of Electrodeposited CoW-WC Nanocomposite <strong>Coating</strong>s, S.K. Ghosh (sghosh@barc.gov.in), A.K. Suri, BARC, India, J.P. Celis, KUL, Belgium Research for alternatives to electroplated hard chromium coatings is continued because of their tremendous environmental and health hazard concern. Among the various possibilities, recently, electroplated Co-W alloys show promising results like abrasive wear and corrosion resistance close to and even better than electroplated hard chromium. In the present study, the Co-W alloy matrix is further strengthened by incorporating nanosize WC particle ( 500 nm) via electrochemical codeposition technique. The matrix cobalt helps in binding the WC particles and in return particles strengthen the matrix along with host tungsten as alloy element. A sulphatetungstate based electrolyte was used to electrodeposit the Co-W alloys and Co-W-WC nanocomposites. In order to increase the particle-content within the alloy matrix, effect of current density and particle loading within the electrolyte were investigated in detail. Nanoindentation was used to evaluate the nanohardness and elastic modulus of the CoW alloys and CoW-WC nanocomposites deposited under identical current density conditions in order to study the strengthening performances. No drastic change in hardness was observed in case of nanocomposite as compared to alloy counterpart. On the other hand, a significant improvement in wear behaviour was noticed for CoW-WC nanocomposites in comparison to CoW alloy coatings. The fretting tests were performed at a normal load of 2-10N, keeping the total displacement amplitude at 200 μm, the frequency at 5 Hz for 10000-100000 cycles in humid air (50% RH) at 23 °C. A corundum (Al2O3) ball of 10 mm diameter was used as counter body. Typical wear volume measured in case of CoW-WC (deposited at 50mA.cm -2 ) under 3D optical profilometer was almost half of CoW alloy (deposited at 50mA.cm -2 ), after fretting test under identical conditions. Post deposition annealing of these coatings was done to found influence on hardness and wear rate. The observed wear rate data of coatings will be discussed in the light of microstructure, crystal structure and surface morphology of the as deposited coating and wear scar analysis. A special attention was given to correlate nanohardness, elastic modulus with the measured wear rate of these coatings. EP-18 Duplex coating of DLC films for Al and Al alloys, Y. Sakamoto (yukihiro.sakamoto@it-chiba.ac.jp), Chiba Institute of Technology, Japan Aluminum is one of light metals and thermal conductivity of aluminum and its alloy is excellent. However, tribological properties of aluminum and aluminum alloys are worse compared with iron based material. On the other hand, “Duplex coating” is a one of hardening processing such as thin nitride film formation on the surface of nitrided layer. The adhesion strength was improved by introducing of the chemical bonding between the film and the substrate using this method. In this study, duplex coating of Diamond Like Carbon coating on the nitride layer were studied to improve the tribological properties of aluminum and aluminum alloys. AC8A and ADC12 were used as the substrates. The mixture of NH3 and H2 was used as a reaction gas of radical nitriding. DLC films were prepared on
the substrates directly or after radical nitriding. Evaluation of adhesion strength was performed by observation of peeling areas using SEM after Rockwell indentation test. Tribologcal properties were evaluated by a friction tester. DLC peaks were observed in the Raman spectra of samples after DLC coating. The hardness of the sample of duplex coating was higher than that of direct coating. Surface SEM image of duplex coating sample showed nopeeling off and the adhesion had been improved. From the result of tribological estimation, friction coefficient of the DLC duplex coating samples was lower than that of Al alloys. As a result, improvement of the hardness, adhesion strength, friction properties were confirmed for duplex coating. EP-20 The effect of grooved surface texture on friction-induced vibration and noise, J.L.M. Mo (jlmo@swjtu.cn), H.L.D. Dan, G.X. Chen, M.H. Zhu, Southwest Jiaotong University, China, T.M. Shao, Key <strong>Lab</strong>oratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, China, Z.R. Zhou, Southwest Jiaotong University, China Grooved surface texture (30 μm in depth, 150 μm in width and 500 μm in pitch) was manufactured on the surface of compacted graphite iron samples (brake disc material) by electromachining . The difference of frictioninduced vibration and noise properties between groove-texture d and smooth surfaces was studied in a ball-on-flat configuration under different normal loads of 3, 5, 10, 20, 40 N. A Si3N4 10 mm diameter sphere was used as counterface ball. The dominant frequencies of the interface forces and noise were analyzed and t he influence of grooved surface texture on friction-induced vibration and noise behaviors was investigated. The test results showed that the normal load had significant influence on the friction noise level of the smooth surface but little influence on that of the groovetextured surface. For the grooved surface texture adopted in this work, friction noise was prone to occur even under low normal load of 3 N. No friction noise occurred at the smooth surface until the normal load increased from 5 N to 10 N, but its level increased rapidly approaching to that of the groove-textured surface. The groove-textured surface adopted in this work exhibited higher coefficient of friction and wear resistance as compared to the smooth surface, but it made the friction system easier to generate multifrequency friction vibration and friction noise with more complex frequency components. The existence of grooved surface texture changed the fiction and wear behaviors as well as friction-induced vibration and noise properties of the frictional surfaces, further study will be performed to gain understanding for their corresponding relationship. EP-21 Adhesion enhancement of polymers by an intermediate layer through photografting polymerization, J. Takahashi, A. Hotta (hotta@mech.keio.ac.jp), Keio University, Japan In this paper, a new surface treatment method for adhesion improvement of polymers using photografting polymerization was introduced. Although polymers have been widely utilized due to their usability, few studies have been reported on the solutions of the low gas barrier property, low abrasion property, and low adhesion property of the polymers. In order to solve these problems, surface modification was introduced. Surface modification can bring in plenty of new functions to polymers for wider industrial applications. In addition, the surface modification causes no loss in the bulk property of the polymers with simplicity and easiness in the surface treatment. There are currently three major methods in the surface modifications. They are flame treatment, corona discharge treatment, and polymer coating. Flame treatment is a dangerous method using flame, and corona discharge treatment requires great care, while polymer coating is occasionally difficult to find an appropriate solvent. In this work, we investigated a new type of surface treatment by photografting polymerization. Photografting polymerization is one of the chemical surface modification methods by radical polymerization. The method introduces functional monomers onto materials as side chains with the reaction starting simply by irradiating UV. As compared with the current three methods, the photografting polymerization is an easier and safer method. It was found that the surfaces of various widely-used polymers, such as high density polyethylene (HDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), isotactic polypropylene (iPP), syndiotactic polypropylene (sPP), polystyrene (PS), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS), polyurethane (PU), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) were overall nicely modified to show a good adhesion to soft and hard substrates e.g. DLC after photografting acrylic acid (AA). Additionally, the adhesive strengths of the polymers were remarkably increased, which could be a new and effective way of treating the surface of polymers. EP-22 Tool life and surface characterization of four commercial drills, S. Muhl (muhl@unam.mx), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México - Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Mexico, D. Garcia, A. Figueroa, SEPI, ESIME-Zacatenco, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico Drilling is one of main machining procedures in industry and the quality of the drill plays a fundamental role in the productivity and efficiency the process. The quality determines the useable tool life, the characteristics of the machined holes, the machining time and the electrical power needed. However, ascertaining this quality from a surface and tribological characterization of the drill bit is difficult. There are many different kinds of drills commercially available with variations in their cutting edge, the tool material, the surface treatment, etc. and these result in drill bits of a great variety of prices. The object of this paper is to report the results of our study of the work performance of four readily available but very differently priced ½” diameter metal cutting drill bits. The study was designed to determine the life work of each drill and compare this with the measured surface and tribological characteristics. For this, each drill was used under control conditions, such as cutting speed, load, drilling depth and drill machine. The surface and tribological properties of each drill was measured by: ballcratering, nano and micro-indentation, scratch testing and the chemical composition of the surface and bulk by EDS and RBS. The results show the relation between each drill performance (number of holes that could be made, the drilling time and the electrical energy used) and the results of the different tribological tests (hardness, wear resistance, scratch resistance and composition). EP-23 Surface modification of cast iron substrates using radical nitriding, I. Sugiura (s0721178TQ@it-chiba.ac.jp), Graduate School, Chiba Institute of Technology, Japan, Y. Sakamoto, Chiba Institute of Technology, Japan Though tribological property of cast iron is excellent and used as sliding parts and rotating parts, its hardness is not so high. To improve wear resistance and fatigue strength of cast iron, induction hardening and nitriding are usually used. However, induction hardening is rapidly heated and quenched over the transformation point of the steel. So, it needs to be considered as stress and dimensional changes. In contrast, nitriding is treated by under the transformation point of the steel. So, stress and dimensional changes after nitriding are smaller than those of induction hardening. However, formation of compound layer and holes formed on the surface are problems for conventional nitriding of cast iron. On the other hand, radical nitriding is one of the surface hardening methods and it is possible to keep surface roughness smooth like as initial surface to control the plasma state precisely. Investigation was carried out on the surface modification of cast iron substrates using radical nitriding. The surface of substrates was cleaned by H2 etching before radical nitriding. The condition of H2 etching was follows: pressure; 133Pa, applied voltage; - 380V and -600V, H2 flow rate; 50SCCM, external heater temperature; 843K and processing time; 10min, respectively. The condition of radical nitriding was follows: pressure; 133Pa, applied voltage; -380V and -600V, NH3 flow rate; 100SCCM, H2 flow rate; 100SCCM, external heater temperature; 843K and processing time; 60min, respectively. The evaluations of the nitrided layer were carried out by surface profiler, micro vickers hardness tester and ball-on-disk friction tester. Measurements of friction coefficient were conducted by using of load; 0.5N, turning radius; 2.4mm, speed of sliding; 6.2mm/s and counterpart materials SUJ2 4.76mm in diameter, respectively. Surface roughness of the substrate after nitriding was worse than that of the no-treated cast iron substrate, and it was depended on the radical nitriding conditions. The surface states were changed rough by higher applied voltage. Vickers hardness of the substrate after nitriding was depended on the conditions. Effects of the H2 etching conditions were smaller than the radical nitriding conditions. As a result of estimation on the tribological properties, the harder specimens showed lower friction coefficient. As a result of surface modification of cast iron substrates using radical nitriding, improvements of mechanical properties were recognized by treating at appropriate conditions. EP-24 Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Duplex Stainless Steels Submitted to PI3 Nitriding at Low Temperatures, C.E. Foerster (carlosef@uepg.br), Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Brazil, C. Lepienski, S. Blunk, A.M.C. Oliveira, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil, A. Kolitsch, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Material Research, Germany Duplex Stainless Steels (DSSs) that are formed by a approximately equal content of ferritic and austenitic phases are employed in the petrochemical industry. In the present work we submitted SAF2101 and SAF2205 to ion nitriding process by plasma immersion ion implantation (PI3) at 300 ºC and 380 ºC during 1h and 4h. Nitriding at surfaces in longitudinal and 115 Thursday Afternoon Poster Sessions
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I C M C T F 2 0 1 2 INTERNATIONAL C
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Welcoming Remarks
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2012 ICMCTF SCHEDULE OF EVENTS DAY
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SYMPOSIUM A Coatings for Use at Hig
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Marco Cremona Pontificia Universida
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Exhibitor Keynote Lecture Tuesday,
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2011/12, discuss ideas and prioriti
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At the focus topic, from the experi
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2012 R.F. Bunshah Annual Award & IC
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ICMCTF 2012 Graduate Student Awards
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ICMCTF 2012 thanks Plansee for thei
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ICMCTF 2012 thanks AJA Internationa
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ICMCTF 2012 thanks CemeCon for thei
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ICMCTF 2012 Short Courses April 22
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ICMCTF 2012 Planning Grid We provid
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Key to Session/Paper Numbers A Coat
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Monday Morning, April 23, 2012 Fund
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New Horizons in Coatings and Thin F
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Fundamentals and Technology of Mult
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Advanced Characterization of Coatin
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Hard Coatings and Vapor Deposition
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Tribology & Mechanical Behavior of
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Coatings for Use at High Temperatur
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Applications, Manufacturing, and Eq
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Wednesday Afternoon, April 25, 2012
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Thursday Afternoon Poster Sessions
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Free Caricatures & Massages!! E-1 V
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ICMCTF 2012 EXHIBIT HALL Internatio
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I C M C T F 2012 S P O N S O R S Bo
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All in Good Measure A 24 µm scan o
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Call For Abstracts Deadline: MAY 2,
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CC800 ® /9 HIPIMS true integration
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Exhibit Hall Reception - Atlas Ball
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Kaufman & Robinson announces their
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Miba Coating Group is the specialis
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PLANSEE SE, 6600 Reutte, Austria, T
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� ��
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Plenary Talk Room: Golden Ballroom
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content. Analyses of the oxidised c
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- The control on the gradient in re
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μ = 0.4 to μ = 0.9). On the other
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application tests the ta-C coated d
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4:10pm C2-2/F4-2-10 Investigation o
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process with surfactant on WO3/ITO
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is already reported. To further com
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conditions. The details of the comp
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esidual stress and to the Poisson
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eactive gases with the target mater
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emerging fields. State-of-the-art t
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transparent conducting layers. Howe
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methods provide similar carrier den
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of AISI 52100 steels by developing
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deposition based on high power puls
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coatings removed from the aluminum
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spectroscopy varies from 25 at% to
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This article describes how to use s
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een demonstrated both theoretically
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Furthermore, the silane coupling ag
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10:40am A1-1-9 High temperature oxi
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10:40am B4-2-10 Understanding the d
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11:00am B5-1-10 Hard nanocrystallin
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* Sandia National Laboratories is a
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fluidized bed of tin, zinc and alum
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Page 163 and 164: mechanical and chemical properties.
Page 165 and 166: duration for super-low friction see
Page 167 and 168: stainless steel DIN X42Cr13 surface
Page 169 and 170: 2:30pm TS1-1-3 Surface engineering
Page 171 and 172: Coatings for Use at High Temperatur
Page 173 and 174: Hard Coatings and Vapor Deposition
Page 175 and 176: X-ray diffraction patterns of the Z
Page 177 and 178: 11:20am B6-1-11 Direct current magn
Page 179 and 180: loading situations could help to ob
Page 181 and 182: Energetic Materials and Micro-Struc
Page 183 and 184: The present work was supported by t
Page 185 and 186: silica-based hydrophilic coatings i
Page 187 and 188: extent depending on the actual grow
Page 189 and 190: [1] F. Tasnádi, B. Alling, C. Hög
Page 191 and 192: eproducibility of the preparation o
Page 193 and 194: showed by the uncoated 4140 steel s
Page 195 and 196: polarization resistance and corrosi
Page 197 and 198: thin films in which a multiscale mo
Page 199 and 200: centers, ascribed to conduction ele
Page 201 and 202: BP-26 Characterization of laser abl
Page 203 and 204: BP-38 Stress signature of an amorph
Page 205 and 206: simultaneously optimize materials p
Page 207 and 208: CP-17 Effects of UV Light Treatment
Page 209 and 210: amorphous structure with a smooth s
Page 211 and 212: addition, it was observed that the
Page 213: EP-5 The effective Indenter concept
Page 217 and 218: as-grown films using textured Si as
Page 219 and 220: proposed memory device exhibits exc
Page 221 and 222: FP-24 Effect of hydrogen addition o
Page 223 and 224: oxide obtained was correlated to th
Page 225 and 226: Post Deadline Discoveries and Innov
Page 227 and 228: chemical bonds have also been achie
Page 229 and 230: 9:40am B3-1-6 Compressive stress ge
Page 231 and 232: 10:20am D2-1-8 Corrosion Resistance
Page 233 and 234: property combination is attractive
Page 235 and 236: PVD is a challenging task. The pres
Page 237 and 238: Chang, G.W.: C2-3/F4-3-3, 29; GP-3,
Page 239 and 240: Huang, K.H.: BP-33, 102 Huang, P.H.
Page 241 and 242: Moody, N.R.: F6-1-1, 7 Moon, S.: D1
Page 243 and 244: Szeremley, D.: G3-1-7, 68 Szesz, E.
Page 245 and 246: NOTES 145
Page 247 and 248: Description of Research Highlights:
Page 249 and 250: their presentations in order to eva
Page 251 and 252: NOTES 151
Page 253 and 254: 153
Page 255 and 256: MARK YOUR CALENDAR FOR ICMCTF 2013!
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ICMCTF 2012! - CD-Lab Application Oriented Coating Development

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