ICMCTF 2012! - CD-Lab Application Oriented Coating Development

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were evaluated under the dry sliding conditions show a higher coefficient of friction but a lower wear rate than the uncoated Mg alloy. It was also found that the coatings formed using the hybrid current mode showed different wear behavior of both the coating and counterpart pins due to their modified coating microstructure and surface morphology. The microstructures of the coatings and their relationships to the tribological performance are discussed in detail. 3:30pm G3-1-6 Insight into Plasma Discharge in PEO: In-situ Impedance Spectroscopy Study, A. Yerokhin (A.Yerokhin@sheffield.ac.uk), C.-J. Liang, University of Sheffield, UK, E. Parfenov, Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Russian Federation, A. Matthews, University of Sheffield, UK Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) is an advanced anodising technology which operates at voltages that trigger plasma discharge at the metalelectrolyte interface. Due to transient nature and unusual environment such plasma is difficult to investigate by conventional means. Here we report on the results of in-situ impedance spectroscopy studies that provide insights into the structure of plasma discharge in PEO. The impedance characteristics of the PEO process on Al were obtained and effects of polarisation voltage and processing time discussed. In the impedance spectra, four time constants ranging from 10 -5 to 10 -2 s were resolved, indicating processes taking place at different scales. Discharge appears to be dominated by typical of plasmas inductive response, with negative resistance likely to be associated with sheath behaviour also being prominent. These processes are coupled with a relatively fast capacitive and a rather slow inductive response that may be due to charge transfer through the metal-oxide interface and plasma thermal relaxation respectively. 3:50pm G3-1-7 Control of ion distribution functions in capacitive sputter sources, D. Eremin, S. Gallian, D. Szeremley, R.P. Brinkmann, T. Mussenbrock (mussenbrock@gmail.com), Ruhr Universität Bochum, Germany The ion energy distribution function (IEDF) plays a major role in plasma based surface modification. The control of IEDFs is therefore strongly desirable, particularly in the context of sputter deposition. Due to their unique properties capacitive multi-frequency discharges are promising candidates not only for sputtering dielectric (non-conductive) materials but also for allowing for tailoring IEDFs. The paper discusses a technique which enables the tailoring of IEDFs. The technique exploits the electrical asymmetry effect (EAE) in geometrically symmetric and asymmetric capacitive discharges which leads to the generation of a DC self-bias voltage. The DC self-bias voltage as the key parameter for IEDFs can be controlled using the phase shift between the two consecutive harmonics of the driving radio-frequency. By means of self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations performed on Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) it is shown that the energy of ions impinging on both the target and the substrate can be controlled almost independently from the ion flux. 4:10pm G3-1-8 Tandem of DBD and ICP RF Atmospheric Plasma Systems for Yttrium Oxide Nanocoating of Consumable Semiconductor Parts, Y. Glukhoy (glukhoy1@aol.com), A. Ryaboy, T. Kerzhner, Nanocoating Plasma Systems Inc., US An ICP atmospheric plasma torch is proven to be an excellent tool for yttrium oxide plasma corrosion protective nanocoating of consumable parts for plasma etching processes. It provides a residence time of nanoparticles in a high temperature area that is enough for a total melting and evaporation. A gaseous focusing of such torch allows the size reduction of the spot in order to deliver Y2O3 vapor into the gas distribution holes of the showerheads. Unfortunately, susceptibility of the precursor to agglomeration deteriorates these advantages. RF power is not enough for the thermal decomposition of aggregates on the fly. Contaminated by the clusters, this coating has risk of flaking. We found that an atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) can provide decomposition of clusters with a much lower energy. Both, single nanoparticles and nanoparticles in aggregation are charged negatively when they are passing through the plasma bulk. The repulsive electrostatic forces break down of the multicharged clusters into small pieces suitable for the following evaporation in the ICP torch. Our linear reactor consists of the12 mm quartz tube with array of tungsten needles, welded alongside and connected to the 13.56 MHz RF generator. Length is enough to provides the passage of nanoparticles with residence time for separation. The DBD discharge is generated at the 100W RF power and the gas flow of 40 clm. Therefore, tandem of the DBD and the ICP atmospheric plasma systems can replace a DC plasma spray low adhesion coating can be a solution for the development of the size unlimited chamber-less coating for transition to 450 mm wafers. The first results show the reduction of cluster contamination verified by SEM and ATF. Wednesday Afternoon, April 25, 2012 68 Surface Engineering for Thermal Transport, Storage and Harvesting Room: Sunset - Session TS1-1 Surface Engineering for Thermal Transport, Storage and Harvesting Moderator: B. Cola, Georgia Technical Institute, US, C. Muratore, Air Force Research Laboratory, Thermal Sciences and Materials Branch, US 1:50pm TS1-1-1 Textured CrN Thin Coatings Enhancing Heat Transfer in Nucleate Boiling Processes, E.M. Slomski (slomski@mpaifw.tu-darmstadt.de), M. Oechsner, S. Fischer, P. Stephan, H. Scheerer, T. Troßmann, Technische Universitat Darmstadt, Germany Subsequent research work aims to investigate the potential of PVD thin coatings for new fields of application. The present study is based on measurements of electrical conductivity, light absorption and thermodynamic nucleate boiling tests of specific textured Cr/CrN-coatings with predominant (1 1 1), (3 1 1) or (2 0 0), (2 2 0) crystal lattice orientations. Those tests reveal promising results concerning thin film applications in the field of heat transfer enhancement during nucleate boiling. High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (HiPIMS) in combination with Direct Current Magnetron Sputtering (DCMS) was applied to deposit CrN coatings of 3-4 µm thickness on different substrate materials. An ultrathin coating of pure Cr was used as adhesive interlayer between substrate and CrN coating. The crystallographic phases and orientations of the coatings were determined by X-ray analyses (XRD) using glancing-incidence and θ /2 θ mode and texture coefficients were calculated. High resolution scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses visualize the different shapes, sizes and orientations of the grains. Finally selected Cr/CrN coatings were deposited on heater samples and boiling curves were measured in nucleate boiling experiments in order to determine heat transfer coefficients and critical heatflux (CHF) at dryout of the heater surface. Results show an up to 2.2 times higher CHF of the coated heater, compared to an uncoated pure copper heater. 2:10pm TS1-1-2 Effects of strain on thermal conductivity in amorphous thin films, M.T. Alam, M.P. Manoharan, Penn State Unviersity, Mechanical & Nuclear Engineering Department, S.V. Shenogin, UES/Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Thermal Sciences and Materials Branch, US, A. Voevodin, A.K. Roy, C. Muratore (chris.muratore@wpafb.af.mil), Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Thermal Sciences and Materials Branch, US, M.D. Haque, Penn State University, Mechanical & Nuclear Engineering Department, US To investigate mechanisms of thermal conductivity in amorphous materials, we developed a technique for microfabricating freestanding ultrathin films with built-in strain actuation and instrumentation for thermal conductivity measurement. Using a combination of infrared thermal micrography, 3omega analysis, and multi-physics simulations, we measured the thermal conductivity of amorphous silicon nitride and silicon oxide films under a range of tensile strains. The thermal conductivity of the silicon nitride film showed a remarkable decrease with tensile strain, dropping down by an order of magnitude at approximately 2% strain when compared to the unstrained film. Silicon oxide showed no change in thermal conductivity up to 1% tensile strain. The theoretical analysis was performed using classical molecular dynamics and lattice dynamics simulations, showing that amorphous silicon nitride has unusual vibrational properties resembling those of amorphous silicon and other chemically uniform glasses. The unusual relationship between strain and thermal conductivity in amorphous silicon nitride suggests that an additional mechanism such as long-range unharmonic coupling between oscillators plays an important role in heat conduction, as the conductivity agrees with harmonic theory predictions at large values of tensile strain (>2%). This work is supported by AFOSR Low Density Materials Program,Task #2306CR7P.
2:30pm TS1-1-3 Surface engineering for improved thermal transport at metal/carbon interfaces, S.V. Shenogin, UES/Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Thermal Sciences and Materials Branch, US, J.J. Gengler, Spectral Energies, LLC/Air Force Research Laboratory, Thermal Sciences and Materials Branch, US, J.J. Hu, J.E. Bultman, UDRI/Air Force Research Laboratory, Thermal Sciences and Materials Branch, US, A.N. Reed, A. Voevodin, A.K. Roy, C. Muratore (chris.muratore@wpafb.af.mil), Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Thermal Sciences and Materials Branch, US Carbon nanotubes are appealing for diverse thermal management applications due to their high thermal conductivity (as high as 3,000 W m-1 K-1) coupled with interesting mechanical properties (super-strong, but also exhibiting foam-like deformation in CNT arrays). Unfortunately, CNT surfaces are generally non-reactive and demonstrate weak bonding to other materials, limiting thermal interfacial conduction. To better understand the nature of interfacial resistance in carbon nanotubes, modeling and experimental studies investigating engineered interfaces on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) substrates were conducted. This substrate was selected as a practical 2-dimensioinal analog for nanotube sidewalls to facilitate modeling and experimentation, however there are differences between HOPG and CNTs which are addressed in simulations to account for differences in metal-carbon interfaces. Measurements of thermal conductance at these interfaces were made by analysis of the two-color time domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) data from the samples. The TDTR analysis of the different metals on HOPG was made possible by having an optical parametric oscillator on the probe beam which allows for tuning the probe beam wavelength to match absorption bands for each metal studied. Metal films were selected to identify effects of atomic mass, chemical interactions (i.e., interfacial carbide formation) and electron configuration. Measurements of chemically “inert” metals at the carbon interface, including Al, Cu and Au demonstrated a strong dependence on Debye temperature, with conductance values differing by a factor of 3. For metals known to exhibit in situ formation of an interfacial carbide layer when in contact with a carbon substrate, such as titanium and boron, conductance values were roughly a factor of 4 higher than for inert metals. The effects of thermal formation of interfacial carbide layers with varied areal densities on HOPG surfaces on thermal conductance were also examined, in addition to metal interlayers specifically selected for acoustic matching to other materials, as in a composite structure. This work is supported by AFOSR Low Density Materials Program, Task #2306CR7P. 2:50pm TS1-1-4 Heat flow across heterojunctions: Toward useful nanoscale thermal interface materials, T.S. Fisher (tsfisher@purdue.edu), S.L. Hodson, A. Kumar, Purdue University, US, A. Voevodin, Air Force Research Laboratory, US INVITED Improved understanding of thermal energy transport at nanometer scales has enabled a broad range of technological advances in recent years. Today, new materials can be designed at the atomic level and are projected to improve the efficiency of information processing, heat transfer, and energy conversion, among other applications relevant to aerospace vehicles and systems. For the transfer of energy by phonons, approaches based on atomistic Green’s functions have been recently developed and offer the possibility of including atomic-scale detail at material interfaces, while mesoscopic scales can be modeled with the particle-based Boltzmann transport equation. This review will summarize a framework for the inclusion of such high-fidelity atomistic modeling within multi-scale modeling tools that are needed to understand complex interfacial transport processes and scaling principles in thermal interface materials enhanced with carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Experimental validation and refinement on model components is essential to this work, and includes highly localized techniques such as transient thermoreflectance techniqes, as well as traditional 1D reference bar approaches to assess overall performance. As an example of recent work, we briefly describe critical results related to contact resistance measurements with CNT arrays and other graphene-based structures. The talk will conclude with enumeration of important questions related to heterojunction bonding and materials processing for scaled-up manufacturing. 3:30pm TS1-1-6 Factorial increases in interfacial thermal conductance using a monolayer, P. O'Brien (obriep3@rpi.edu), S.V. Shenogin, J. Liu, M. Yamaguchi, P. Keblinski, G. Ramanath, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, US Manipulating interfacial thermal transport is a compelling need for a number of technologies including nanoelectronics and biomedical devices, solid-state lighting, energy generation, nanocomposites, and device packaging. Here, we demonstrate that introducing a strongly-bonding organic nanomolecular monolayer (NML) at a metal-dielectric interface leads to a factor of four increase in the interfacial thermal conductance to values as high as 450 MW/m 2 -K. Molecular dynamics simulation and a vibrational analysis of NML-tailored interfaces verify that this remarkable interfacial conductance enhancement is due to strong NML-silica and NML-metal bonding. The strong overlap of broadband low-frequency vibrational states at the interface further facilitates efficient heat transfer through the molecules comprising the NML. These results provide a rational means of increasing heterointerfacial thermal conductance through molecular functionalization with adhesion-enhancing functional groups for a wide variety of material systems and applications. 3:50pm TS1-1-7 Ruthenium organometallic complexes with photoswitchable wettability for boiling heat transfer applications, N. Hunter (chad.hunter@wpafb.af.mil), Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Thermal Sciences and Materials Branch, US, B. Turner, Universal Technology Corporation, US, R. Glavin, Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Thermal Sciences and Materials Branch, US, M. Jespersen, University of Dayton Research Institute, US, M. Check, S. Putnam, Universal Technology Corporation, US, A. Voevodin, Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Thermal Sciences and Materials Branch, US Liquid to vapor phase change technology utilizing latent heat of vaporization, which can have heat transfer rates orders of magnitude higher than single phase liquid cooling, is necessary for advanced aircraft due to the onboard heat generated by high power (electrical and chemical) components. The wettability of engineered surfaces used in these cooling systems, in addition to other parameters such as surface roughness, is strongly correlated to the performance of the heat exchanger systems that use these materials. In addition to optimizing performance using passive means (e.g., surface texturing), it would also be advantageous to control heat transfer rates using applied stimuli (e.g., light or sound waves), which could result in weight savings and/or energy optimization. Oxide photocatalysts have been investigated to influence boiling performance on surfaces 1 , but time scales for switching between wettability states are on the order of tens of minutes to hours, much longer than for practical use to control boiling processes. In previous work, synthesis of [Ru(bpy)2(pox)]Cl2, an organometallic complex which undergoes reversible photo-isomerization that changes the inherent water affinity of the molecule, was achieved 2 . In the current research, new ruthenium-centered organometallic complexes with functionalized bipyridine (bpy) ligands are synthesized. The functionalization allows the Ru complexes to be covalently tethered to metallic substrates. Surface chemistry is investigated with XPS, indicating a character of the bonding linkage, which is then correlated with contact angle measurements of the surface energy modification with and without UV-VIS light irradiation. Water boiling heat transfer studies during UV-VIS light irradiation are conducted on these samples and correlated with the reversible switching of surface wetting. 1 Takata, et al., International Journal of Chemistry Research, 2003. 2 D.B. Turner, et al., Inorganic Chemistry, in preparation. 4:10pm TS1-1-8 From hard coatings to thermoelectrics: effects of nanostructure on fundamental physical properties of transition metal nitride, oxide, and oxynitride thin film alloys, B.M. Howe (brandonhowe@gmail.com), Air Force Research Laboratory, US Recent advances in aerospace and defense technologies have lead to an increasing need to develop novel materials with exotic physical properties for use in a variety of applications involving extreme, high-temperature, high mechanical stress, and oxidizing environments. Transition metal nitrides (TMN), oxides, and oxynitrides are well known to have remarkable range of unique physical properties including high hardness and mechanical strength, high melting temperatures (>>2000 °C), and tunable opticalelectronic properties. One method to further enhance the physical properties of many binary transition metal nitrides is to alloy them with a second thermodynamically immiscible nitride to form metastable compounds with enhanced physical properties. Many of these properties are accompanied by the formation of nanoscale compositional modulations during film growth as well as post annealing experiments, however, very little has been reported on the ability to control this nanostructure, and as a result, the effects of these nanostructures on fundamental physical properties is relatively unknown. Nanostructuring methods using these kinetically-limited growth techniques involving high-flux low-energy ion bombardment during film growth, lead to a unique independent control of both electric and thermal transport. The right materials system, combined with said growth techniques, would allow for the realization of hard, chemically inert, environmentally-friendly, and refractory thermal-to-electrical energy conversion thin films materials to tackle a variety of demanding defense applications. I have used Hf1-xAlxN as a model system to study the nanostructures of interest. I begin by reporting on the effects of nanostructure on the optical, electronic, thermal transport and elastic constant properties of Hf1-xAlxN 69 Wednesday Afternoon, April 25, 2012
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I C M C T F 2 0 1 2 INTERNATIONAL C
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Welcoming Remarks
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2012 ICMCTF SCHEDULE OF EVENTS DAY
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SYMPOSIUM A Coatings for Use at Hig
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Marco Cremona Pontificia Universida
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Exhibitor Keynote Lecture Tuesday,
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2011/12, discuss ideas and prioriti
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At the focus topic, from the experi
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2012 R.F. Bunshah Annual Award & IC
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ICMCTF 2012 Graduate Student Awards
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ICMCTF 2012 thanks Plansee for thei
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ICMCTF 2012 thanks AJA Internationa
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ICMCTF 2012 thanks CemeCon for thei
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ICMCTF 2012 Short Courses April 22
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ICMCTF 2012 Planning Grid We provid
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Key to Session/Paper Numbers A Coat
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Monday Morning, April 23, 2012 Fund
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New Horizons in Coatings and Thin F
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Fundamentals and Technology of Mult
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Advanced Characterization of Coatin
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Hard Coatings and Vapor Deposition
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Tribology & Mechanical Behavior of
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Coatings for Use at High Temperatur
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Applications, Manufacturing, and Eq
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Wednesday Afternoon, April 25, 2012
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Thursday Afternoon Poster Sessions
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Free Caricatures & Massages!! E-1 V
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ICMCTF 2012 EXHIBIT HALL Internatio
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I C M C T F 2012 S P O N S O R S Bo
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All in Good Measure A 24 µm scan o
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Call For Abstracts Deadline: MAY 2,
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CC800 ® /9 HIPIMS true integration
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Exhibit Hall Reception - Atlas Ball
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Kaufman & Robinson announces their
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Miba Coating Group is the specialis
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PLANSEE SE, 6600 Reutte, Austria, T
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� ��
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Plenary Talk Room: Golden Ballroom
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content. Analyses of the oxidised c
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- The control on the gradient in re
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μ = 0.4 to μ = 0.9). On the other
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application tests the ta-C coated d
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4:10pm C2-2/F4-2-10 Investigation o
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process with surfactant on WO3/ITO
Page 117 and 118: is already reported. To further com
Page 119 and 120: conditions. The details of the comp
Page 121 and 122: esidual stress and to the Poisson
Page 123 and 124: Coatings for Use at High Temperatur
Page 125 and 126: eactive gases with the target mater
Page 127 and 128: Hard Coatings and Vapor Deposition
Page 129 and 130: emerging fields. State-of-the-art t
Page 131 and 132: transparent conducting layers. Howe
Page 133 and 134: methods provide similar carrier den
Page 135 and 136: of AISI 52100 steels by developing
Page 137 and 138: deposition based on high power puls
Page 141 and 142: coatings removed from the aluminum
Page 143 and 144: spectroscopy varies from 25 at% to
Page 145 and 146: This article describes how to use s
Page 147 and 148: een demonstrated both theoretically
Page 149 and 150: Furthermore, the silane coupling ag
Page 151 and 152: 10:40am A1-1-9 High temperature oxi
Page 153 and 154: 10:40am B4-2-10 Understanding the d
Page 155 and 156: 11:00am B5-1-10 Hard nanocrystallin
Page 157 and 158: * Sandia National Laboratories is a
Page 159 and 160: fluidized bed of tin, zinc and alum
Page 163 and 164: mechanical and chemical properties.
Page 165 and 166: duration for super-low friction see
Page 167: stainless steel DIN X42Cr13 surface
Page 173 and 174: Hard Coatings and Vapor Deposition
Page 175 and 176: X-ray diffraction patterns of the Z
Page 177 and 178: 11:20am B6-1-11 Direct current magn
Page 179 and 180: loading situations could help to ob
Page 181 and 182: Energetic Materials and Micro-Struc
Page 183 and 184: The present work was supported by t
Page 185 and 186: silica-based hydrophilic coatings i
Page 187 and 188: extent depending on the actual grow
Page 189 and 190: [1] F. Tasnádi, B. Alling, C. Hög
Page 191 and 192: eproducibility of the preparation o
Page 193 and 194: showed by the uncoated 4140 steel s
Page 195 and 196: polarization resistance and corrosi
Page 197 and 198: thin films in which a multiscale mo
Page 199 and 200: centers, ascribed to conduction ele
Page 201 and 202: BP-26 Characterization of laser abl
Page 203 and 204: BP-38 Stress signature of an amorph
Page 205 and 206: simultaneously optimize materials p
Page 207 and 208: CP-17 Effects of UV Light Treatment
Page 209 and 210: amorphous structure with a smooth s
Page 211 and 212: addition, it was observed that the
Page 213 and 214: EP-5 The effective Indenter concept
Page 215 and 216: the substrates directly or after ra
Page 217 and 218: as-grown films using textured Si as
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proposed memory device exhibits exc
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FP-24 Effect of hydrogen addition o
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oxide obtained was correlated to th
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Post Deadline Discoveries and Innov
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chemical bonds have also been achie
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9:40am B3-1-6 Compressive stress ge
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10:20am D2-1-8 Corrosion Resistance
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property combination is attractive
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PVD is a challenging task. The pres
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Chang, G.W.: C2-3/F4-3-3, 29; GP-3,
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Huang, K.H.: BP-33, 102 Huang, P.H.
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Moody, N.R.: F6-1-1, 7 Moon, S.: D1
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Szeremley, D.: G3-1-7, 68 Szesz, E.
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NOTES 145
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Description of Research Highlights:
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their presentations in order to eva
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NOTES 151
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153
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MARK YOUR CALENDAR FOR ICMCTF 2013!
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ICMCTF 2012! - CD-Lab Application Oriented Coating Development

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