ICMCTF 2012! - CD-Lab Application Oriented Coating Development

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transversal directions to austenitic and ferritic grains orientation were compared. X-ray diffraction allowed identifying the surface microstructure after the nitriding. Nitriding at 300ºC promotes only N in solid solution (expanded austenite and ferrite). Treatments at 380ºC form iron nitrides at different stoichiometries in addition to N in solid solution. The thickness of N modified layers varies from 1 to 8 μm depending working PI3 parameters. Mechanical properties were investigated by instrumented indentation at nanoscale, following the Oliver and Pharr method. Tribological behaviour was investigated by reciprocating sliding process at severe dry condition using WC(Co) and SiC balls as counter bodies. Nanoscratch tests were employed to investigate the surface brittle response under increasing loadings employing pyramidal stylus. The hardness at shallow depths is about 15 GPa and decreases to the bulk value (3-3.5 GPa) for both duplex steels. The highest hardness values are not modified at the surface by increasing the nitriding time as observed at shallow depths by nanoindentation tests. In addition, nitriding at surfaces oriented longitudinally to grains orientation or transversally to them did not cause modification in hardness measured profiles. The behaviors after nanoscratch tests for the steels nitrided at 300ºC are compared to pristine surface to evaluate the effect of occurrence of plastic deformation and/or fractures on grain boundaries on austenitic and ferritic phases. The results of conventional tribological tests for the both steels were compared considering the nitriding conditions (300ºC and 380ºC). Even in the presence of thin N modified layers, as in the case of nitriding at 300°C by 1h, the wear resistance can improve by 10 times in respect to untreated sample. The effect of grain orientation in respect to nitriding and wear sliding test is discussed. EP-26 Characterisation of TiCN and TiCN/ZrN Coatings for Cutting Tool Application, P.C. Siow (pcsiow@eng.ukm.my), J. Abdul Ghani, M.J. Ghazali, Universiti Kebangsaan, Malaysia, T. Ria Jaafar, Advanced Materials Research Centre SIRIM Berhad, Malaysia, C.H. Che Haron, Universiti Kebangsaan, Malaysia It is well known that coating deposited on a cutting tool can improves the wear resistance of the tool, and hence prolongs the tool life. The performance of a coating is strongly depends on its mechanical and chemical properties. In machining process, the type of chosen coating depends on the cutting condition, due to properties of the applied coating material. In addition, there are also many factors that influence the performance of a coating, such as the coating thickness, the composition ratio, the sequences of layer in a multilayer coatings and the deposition method. In this paper, the properties of TiCN and TiCN/ZrN were characterised by using thermal shock and wear tests. The substrate material made from carbide-based cutting tool was also developed in house. From the characterisation analysis, it was found that the performance of TiCN and TiCN/ZrN coatings were comparable, and in some cases better than the commercial TiN coated carbide cutting tool. EP-27 Quantification of tool coating effects on surface finish while dry cutting of glass/epoxy composite, A. Ben-Soussia, A. Mkaddem (ali.mkaddem@ensam.fr), M. El Mansori, A. Meena, Arts et Métiers ParisTech, France This work aims to investigate the effects of coating type on the cutting induced damage and surface integrity when dry machining glass/epoxy composites at intermediate fibers’ orientations. The wear rate mechanisms and the material removal process affecting the surface finish were analyzed on both the uncoated tungsten carbide (WC) insert and CVD and PCD multi-layers (ML) coated inserts using the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). The developed cutting forces and the generated mechanisms of chip formation were also investigated and correlated with the AFM measurements. The experimental findings showed good performance of coating layers to alter tool wear with comparison to PCD tool. It was found also that the improved adhesive properties of coating layers of carbide coated tool are capable to dissipate the sequential shock due to alternation of phases within the material. The aspect of cut surface of fiber was also discussed in details in order to explain the effects of fiber orientation on accelerating the tool damage. Keywords: Dry cutting; Glass/epoxy; ML Coatings; Wear; AFM. Thursday Afternoon Poster Sessions 116 New Horizons in Coatings and Thin Films Room: Golden Ballroom - Session FP Symposium F Poster Session FP-1 Pseudocapacitive Performance of Vertical Copper Oxide Nanoflakes, Z. Endut (rg253c@yahoo.com), M.H. Abd Shukor, Center of Advanced Manufacturing and Material Processing, Malaysia, W.J. Basirun, University of Malaya, Malaysia Vertical copper oxide nanoflakes have been formed by oxidation in alkaline solutions. Their structural and surface morphology were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) while its pseudocapacitive properties were investigated using cyclic voltammetry, charge-discharge testing and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The structural and surface morphological studies showed the grown copper oxide nanoflakes is amorphous and vertically grown with high lateral aspect ratio. Electrochemical study exhibited significant specific capacitance and good cycling activity in 1.0 M KOH electrolytes making vertical copper oxide nanoflakes as a promising candidate in supercapacitor electrode application. FP-2 Strutural and Optical Properties of CdO Nanostructures Prepared by Atmospheric-pressure CVD, T. Terasako (terasako.tomoaki.mz@ehime-u.ac.jp), T. Fujiwara, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Japan, Y. Nakata, M. Yagi, Kagawa National College of Technology, Japan, S. Shirakata, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Japan Cadmium oxide (CdO) with a cubic structure is an n-type semiconductor and shows a wide direct band gap of ~2.6 eV and a narrow indirect band gap of ~0.5 eV. Recently, CdO has attracted much attention because of its technological applications such as photodetectors, solar cells, gas sensors and nonlinear optics. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods utilizing the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) mechanism are favorable for position- and size-controlled growth of nanostructures. In this paper, shape controllability and optical properties of CdO nanostructures grown by atmospheric-pressure CVD methods using Cd and H2O as source materials and Au naocolloids as a catalyst will be discussed in terms of substrate temperature, source supply ratio and growth time. The catalytic solution of Au nanocolloids diluted with ethanol was coated on the c-plane Al2O3 substrates by the spin-coating technique (1500 rpm, 5 sec). Substrate temperature (TS) was varied in the range from 825 to 975 °C. Source temperature of Cd (TCd) was kept at 500 °C. The vaporizer containing H2O (TH2O) was kept at 54 °C. The nitrogen carrier gas flow rates for Cd and H2O (FCd and FH2O) were changed in the range from 10 to 60 sccm. Various shapes of nanostructures, such as nanorods (NRs), nanotrees (NTs) and nanobelts (NBs), were successfully grown. Especially, it was found that the shapes of the NRs change from the cylinders to the cones with increasing TS, so-called “tapering”. In general, two different types of growth mechanisms are in progress simultaneously during the CVD process; one is the axial growth due to the VLS mechanism through the catalyst and the other is the radial growth due to the film growth mechanism on the NR’s side wall (VS growth). The tapering behavior is probably due to the rapid increase in radial growth rate with increasing TS. Moreover, the appearances of Y- and T-shape NTs and their 3D network structures suggest that the catalytic particles split and migrate during the growth process. We believe that the simultaneous work of the VS and VLS mechanisms together with the splitting and migration of catalytic particles is the driving force of the morphological variety of nanostructures Photoacoustic measurements revealed that the absorption edge shifts towards lower energies and the absorption band below the absorption edge becomes larger with increasing TS. This tendency is probably related to the increase in intrinsic defects introduced by the deviation from stoichiometric composition. Therefore, we must pay attention to the fact that the change in growth condition affects not only the structural shapes of the nanostructures but also their optical properties. FP-3 Substrate texturing effect on the microstructural and electrochemical performance of the rf sputtered LiCoO2 film cathodes, J. Kumar, J. Babu, Sri Venkateswara University, Thin Films Laboratory, India, C. V, University of Texas at El Paso, US, O.M. Hussain (hussainsvu@gmail.com), Sri Venkateswara University, Thin Films Laboratory, India LiCoO2 in thin film form is identified as one of the best cathode materials by its high energy density, long cycle life and high capacity retention. Investigations are aimed to enhance the electrochemical performance of the
as-grown films using textured Si as a base substrates and compared the results with the films grown on polished Si substrate. Thin films of LiCoO2 were prepared by rf magnetron sputtering technique on Au/Ti/SiO2/(polished)Si and Au/Ti/SiO2/(textured)Si maintained at a substrate temperature 300 o C. Comprehensive investigation was performed on the growth, microstructure and electrochemical properties of thick LiCoO2 films deposited at various reactive gas composition and rf powers. The as-grown LiCoO2 films on polished Si metalized substrate at low O2 to Ar gas composition ratio of 1:9 and rf power 150 W exhibited predominant (0 0 3) orientation representing partially ordered HT-LiCoO2 structure with R3m crystalline space group. The average surface area fraction observed from SEM analysis is observed to be 4.1 %. The films exhibited first ordered phase transition during intercalation/de-intercalation reaction and demonstrated a discharge capacity of 53 µAhcm -2 µm -1 with a higher capacity fading rate of 0.26 %. Where as, the films deposited on Au/Ti/SiO2/(textured)Si substrates represented predominant (0 0 3) orientation with relatively enhanced surface area fraction of 16.7 %. The surface of the film observed from SEM contains pyramidal shaped clusters composed of grains with an average size of 210 nm. These films exhibits improved electrochemical performance in terms of discharge capacity (57.5 µAhcm -2 µm -1 ), capacity retention (95.4% per 50 cycles) and lower capacity fade rate (0.07 % per cycle) which is demonstrated by the substrate texturing influence. FP-4 The Grain Evaluation and Electrochemical properties of RF sputtered LiMn2O4 thin films., J. Babu, J. Kumar, O. Mahammad (hussainsvu@gmail.com), Sri Venkateswara University, Thin Films Laboratory, India, V. Ramana, University of Texas at El Paso, US Abstract: Lithium transition metal oxides have received a considerable attention in recent years as high voltage positive electrode materials in the fabrication of all solid state microbatteries. Among various lithium based cathode materials, LiMn2O4 is one of the most promising cathode material as it offers high energy density, high cell voltage, low cost, and low toxicity over the other electrode materials. In the present investigation, thin films of LiMn2O4 were prepared by radio frequency magnetron sputtering on gold coated silicon substrates in an Oxygen to Argon ratio of 1:6 and an oxygen partial pressure of 2×10 -2 mbar. The films were deposited from different substrate temperatures ranging from 400 K – 700 K and RF power was varied from 50-125 W. The influence of substrate temperatures and RF power on growth, microstructure and electrochemical properties was studied. The XRD and SEM results revealed that with the increase of substrate temperature the film structure changed from amorphous to polycrystalline. The films deposited at Ts = 673 K with RF power 80 W exhibited predominantly (111) orientation representing cubic spinel structure of Fd3m symmetry with an average grain size and lattice parameter of 275 nm and 8.23 Å. Further increase in crystallanity and electrochemical performance was observed by annealing these films at 700 0 C. The films annealed at 973 K exhibited better electrochemical performance with initial discharge capacity of 53.5 μAh cm -2 μm -1 in the aqueous media suggesting that the film can be used as binder free cathode in Li-ion battery application. FP-5 Electrochemical Properties of V2O5 Thin Films Grown on Flexible Substrates using Plasma Assisted Activated Reactive Evaporation, K. Hari Krishna, University of Calabria, Italy, O.M. Hussain (hussainsvu@gmail.com), Sri Venkateswara University, India Vanadium Pentoxide (V2O5) thin films have been deposited using home built plasma assisted activated reactive (ARE) evaporation on ITO coated flexible Kapton substrates and investigated their microstructural and electrochemical properties. X-ray diffraction patteren displayed predominent (001) orientation by designating the Orthorhombic structure of the films deposited at optimized growth conditions. The surface of the films is obseerved to be composed of vertical elliptically shaped nanosized grains of size 98 nm provided with an estimated rms roughness of 9 nm as evidenced from AFM studies. At room temperature, the as-deposited V2O5 films demonstrated a dischage capacity of 60 μAh(cm 2 - μm) for 10 cycles in the potential window of 4.0 V - 2.5 V. The influence of silver (Ag) interlayer on electrochemical properties of V2O5 films is investigated and observed appreciable increment electrochemical performance of multilayered 'V2O5/Ag/V2O5' films. The multi-layered 'V2O5/Ag/V2O5' films demonstrated a discharge capacity of 75 μAh(cm 2 - μm) provided with enhanced cyclicability. FP-6 Bismuth thin films deposited by DC Magnetron Sputtering for electrochemical analysis electrodes, S.E. Rodil, P. Silva-Bermudez (suriel21@yahoo.com), J. Baron, O. Garcia-Zarco, Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, México In the last ten years, Bismuth-film electrodes (BiFEs), prepared by coating a suitable substrate with a metallic Bi thin film, have proved valuable tools for electroanalysis in the reductive potential regime, especially for anodic and adsorptive stripping analysis. They have been proposed as a green alternative to substitute Hg film electrodes. In order to evaluate the physicochemical properties and the electrochemical behavior of Bi films produced by DC magnetron sputtering and to assess their feasibility to be used as BiFEs for detection of heavy metal traces in water, in the present work Bi films were deposited by DC magnetron sputtering onto glass substrates using a high purity Bi target (99.9 at. %, 4” in diameter), a working pressure of 4 Pa (Ar atmosphere), a current density of 0.2 A and deposition times of 5, 10 and 15 minutes. The structural properties of the films were characterized by X-ray Diffraction, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Raman Spectroscopy. The thickness, roughness and dielectric constant of the films were also characterized. The structure of the deposited films was basically the Birhombohedral phase with a preferred orientation (012) & (104). The films were polycrystalline and have large deposition rates. For the electrochemical tests of the films, a 1 cm 2 area was exposed to buffer solutions. First, the potential window of the films at which the electrode might be useful and their stability upon potentiostatic extreme conditions were characterized in buffer solutions of pHs 4.6, 7 and 10, in an electrochemical cell with a saturated calomel reference electrode and a Pt wire as the counter electrode. No strong variations in the potential windows with deposition time (film thickness) were observed. The oxidation potential became more negative as the pH increased, from -0.3 to -0.5 V. The potential windows were about 1 V for all the films in the 3 different pHs. After determination of the potential window an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy test was performed; the spectra were very similar for the 3 pH values and the different film thickness, probably indicating similar interfacial effects. Then, the samples were subjected to a cyclic potential from -1.5 to 1.5 V; the films could support these extreme conditions without undergoing delamination. Finally, the performance of the films as BIFEs was evaluated by anodic adsorptive stripping analysis in water solutions containing either, Cu or Sn traces. Acknowledgements to funding from the European Community Seven Framework Programme (FP7-NMP-2010-EU-MEXICO) and CONACyT under grant agreements nº 263878 and 125141; and to the ICyTDF postdoctoral fellowship for P. S-B FP-7 SnO2-cored heteronanowires sheathed with metal shells and their application to gas sensors, H.W. Kim (hyounwoo@hanyang.ac.kr), Hanyang University, Republic of Korea The current trend towards downsized integrated electronic and optical devices has strongly motivated the intensive study of various onedimensional (1D) nanostructures. In particular, one attempt has been made to create coaxial 1D structures with a core/sheath geometry, which may assist in the realization of various tailor-made functions by assembling the different features of both nanowires (as cores) and nanotubes (as sheaths) with different chemical compositions in the radial direction. Indeed, the great potential has recently been demonstrated in nanodevice applications such as coaxial-gated transistors and laser diodes. SnO2 is a well-studied functional material that has been extensively used in dye-based solar cells, transparent conducting electrodes, and gas sensors. Pre-grown SnO2 1D nanostructures are coated via a DC sputtering technique using a metal target. By carrying out the subsequent thermal annealing, we have generated the metal nanoparticles on the core nanowires. M etallic catalysts are known to functionalize the surface of nanomaterials. For example, n oble metals anchored on semiconducting oxides facilitate the dissociation of oxygen molecules into oxygen species, including atomic oxygen, thereby enhancing the oxygen sensitivity. Accordingly, some research groups have attempted to functionalize the surface of oxide nanowires with nanosized noble metals using various methods. In the present work, we have investigated the effect of metal nanoparticles on the gas sensor properties of nanowires. . FP-8 Enhancement of electron-emission and long-term stability in tiptype carbon nanotube field emitters by lithium coating, J.S. Park, B.J. Kim, J.P. Kim, J.S. Park (jinsp@hanyang.ac.kr), Hanyang University, Republic of Korea Recently, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been researched to develop a high resolution x-ray image system for medical applications such as early 117 Thursday Afternoon Poster Sessions
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I C M C T F 2 0 1 2 INTERNATIONAL C
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Welcoming Remarks
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2012 ICMCTF SCHEDULE OF EVENTS DAY
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SYMPOSIUM A Coatings for Use at Hig
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Marco Cremona Pontificia Universida
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Exhibitor Keynote Lecture Tuesday,
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2011/12, discuss ideas and prioriti
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At the focus topic, from the experi
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2012 R.F. Bunshah Annual Award & IC
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ICMCTF 2012 Graduate Student Awards
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ICMCTF 2012 thanks Plansee for thei
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ICMCTF 2012 thanks AJA Internationa
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ICMCTF 2012 thanks CemeCon for thei
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ICMCTF 2012 Short Courses April 22
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ICMCTF 2012 Planning Grid We provid
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Key to Session/Paper Numbers A Coat
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Monday Morning, April 23, 2012 Fund
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New Horizons in Coatings and Thin F
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Fundamentals and Technology of Mult
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Advanced Characterization of Coatin
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Hard Coatings and Vapor Deposition
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Tribology & Mechanical Behavior of
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Coatings for Use at High Temperatur
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Applications, Manufacturing, and Eq
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Wednesday Afternoon, April 25, 2012
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Thursday Afternoon Poster Sessions
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Free Caricatures & Massages!! E-1 V
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ICMCTF 2012 EXHIBIT HALL Internatio
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I C M C T F 2012 S P O N S O R S Bo
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All in Good Measure A 24 µm scan o
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Call For Abstracts Deadline: MAY 2,
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CC800 ® /9 HIPIMS true integration
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Exhibit Hall Reception - Atlas Ball
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Kaufman & Robinson announces their
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Miba Coating Group is the specialis
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PLANSEE SE, 6600 Reutte, Austria, T
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� ��
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Plenary Talk Room: Golden Ballroom
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content. Analyses of the oxidised c
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- The control on the gradient in re
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μ = 0.4 to μ = 0.9). On the other
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application tests the ta-C coated d
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4:10pm C2-2/F4-2-10 Investigation o
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process with surfactant on WO3/ITO
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is already reported. To further com
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conditions. The details of the comp
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esidual stress and to the Poisson
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eactive gases with the target mater
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emerging fields. State-of-the-art t
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transparent conducting layers. Howe
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methods provide similar carrier den
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of AISI 52100 steels by developing
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deposition based on high power puls
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coatings removed from the aluminum
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spectroscopy varies from 25 at% to
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This article describes how to use s
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een demonstrated both theoretically
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Furthermore, the silane coupling ag
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10:40am A1-1-9 High temperature oxi
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10:40am B4-2-10 Understanding the d
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11:00am B5-1-10 Hard nanocrystallin
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* Sandia National Laboratories is a
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fluidized bed of tin, zinc and alum
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mechanical and chemical properties.
Page 165 and 166: duration for super-low friction see
Page 167 and 168: stainless steel DIN X42Cr13 surface
Page 169 and 170: 2:30pm TS1-1-3 Surface engineering
Page 171 and 172: Coatings for Use at High Temperatur
Page 173 and 174: Hard Coatings and Vapor Deposition
Page 175 and 176: X-ray diffraction patterns of the Z
Page 177 and 178: 11:20am B6-1-11 Direct current magn
Page 179 and 180: loading situations could help to ob
Page 181 and 182: Energetic Materials and Micro-Struc
Page 183 and 184: The present work was supported by t
Page 185 and 186: silica-based hydrophilic coatings i
Page 187 and 188: extent depending on the actual grow
Page 189 and 190: [1] F. Tasnádi, B. Alling, C. Hög
Page 191 and 192: eproducibility of the preparation o
Page 193 and 194: showed by the uncoated 4140 steel s
Page 195 and 196: polarization resistance and corrosi
Page 197 and 198: thin films in which a multiscale mo
Page 199 and 200: centers, ascribed to conduction ele
Page 201 and 202: BP-26 Characterization of laser abl
Page 203 and 204: BP-38 Stress signature of an amorph
Page 205 and 206: simultaneously optimize materials p
Page 207 and 208: CP-17 Effects of UV Light Treatment
Page 209 and 210: amorphous structure with a smooth s
Page 211 and 212: addition, it was observed that the
Page 213 and 214: EP-5 The effective Indenter concept
Page 215: the substrates directly or after ra
Page 219 and 220: proposed memory device exhibits exc
Page 221 and 222: FP-24 Effect of hydrogen addition o
Page 223 and 224: oxide obtained was correlated to th
Page 225 and 226: Post Deadline Discoveries and Innov
Page 227 and 228: chemical bonds have also been achie
Page 229 and 230: 9:40am B3-1-6 Compressive stress ge
Page 231 and 232: 10:20am D2-1-8 Corrosion Resistance
Page 233 and 234: property combination is attractive
Page 235 and 236: PVD is a challenging task. The pres
Page 237 and 238: Chang, G.W.: C2-3/F4-3-3, 29; GP-3,
Page 239 and 240: Huang, K.H.: BP-33, 102 Huang, P.H.
Page 241 and 242: Moody, N.R.: F6-1-1, 7 Moon, S.: D1
Page 243 and 244: Szeremley, D.: G3-1-7, 68 Szesz, E.
Page 245 and 246: NOTES 145
Page 247 and 248: Description of Research Highlights:
Page 249 and 250: their presentations in order to eva
Page 251 and 252: NOTES 151
Page 253 and 254: 153
Page 255 and 256: MARK YOUR CALENDAR FOR ICMCTF 2013!
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ICMCTF 2012! - CD-Lab Application Oriented Coating Development

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