Fate of Mercury in the Arctic 124 46. Levin I, Kromer B, Schoch-Fischer H, Bruns M, Münnich M, Berdau D, Vogel JC, Münnich KO. (1997): (Personal Communication) 14 CO2 records from two sites in Central— Schauinsland & Vermunt. URL: . 47. Levin I, Hesshaimer V., (2000): Radiocarbon—a unique tracer of global carbon cycle dynamics. Radiocarbon 42(1):69-80. 48. Lin, C-J. and Pehkonen, S. O. (1999): The chemistry of Atmospheric Mercury: a review. Atmospheric Environment, 33, 2067-2079. 49. Lindberg, S.E., Brooks, S., Lin, C.-J., Scott, K., Meyers, T., Chambers, L., Landis, M. and Stevens, R., 2001. Formation of reactive gaseous mercury in the Arctic: evidence of oxidation of Hg 0 to gas-phase Hg-II compounds after Arctic sunrise. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution: Focus 1, pp. 295–302. 50. Lindberg, S. E., Brooks, S., Lin, C. J., Scott, K. J., Landis, M. S., Stevens, R. K., Goodsite, M. and Richter, A. (2002): Dynamic oxidation of gaseous mercury in the Arctic troposphere at polar sunrise. Environmental Science & Technology 36, 1245-1256. 51. Lindqvist, O., and Rodhe, H. (1985): Atmospheric Mercury – a Review. Tellus Series B – Chem. Phys. Meteorol., 37(3), 136-159. 52. Lu, J. Y., Schroeder, W. H., Barrie, L. A., Steffen, A., Welch, H. E., Martin, K., Lockhart, L., Hunt, R. V., Boila, G. and Richter, A., (2001): Magnification of atmospheric mercury deposition to polar regions in springtime: the link to tropospheric ozone depletion chemistry. Geophysical Research Letters 28, 3219-3222. 53. Madsen, Poul Pheiffer. (1981): Peat bog records of atmospheric mercury deposition. Nature 293 (5828), 127-30. 54. Meyers, T., (2001, 2003): Personal communication, NOAA, ATDD, Oak Ridge TN. 55. Munthe, J., Wängberg, I., Pirrone, N.,. Iverfeldt, Å, Ferrara, R., Ebinghaus, R., Feng, X., Gårdfeldt, K., Keeler, G., Lanzillotta E., et al., (2001): Intercomparison of methods for sampling and analysis of atmospheric mercury species, Atmospheric Environment, Volume 35, Issue 17, Pages 3007-3017. 56. Munthe, J., Wängberg, I., Iverfeldt, Å., Lindqvist, O., Strömberg, D., Sommar, J., Gårdfeldt, K., Petersen, G., Ebinghaus, R., Prestbo, E., et al., Distribution of atmospheric mercury species in Northern Europe: final results from the MOE project, Atmospheric Environment, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 23 May 2003. 57. Noernberg, T., Goodsite, M.E., Shotyk, W., (in review): An Improved Motorized Corer and Sample Processing System for Frozen Peat. In review at Arctic. 58. Oncley, Steven P.; Delany, Anthony C.; Horst, Thomas W.; Tans, Pieter P. Verification of flux measurement using relaxed eddy accumulation. Atmospheric Environment, Part A: General Topics (1993), 27A(15), 2417-26. 59. Pacyna, E., Pacyna, J.M. and Pirrone, N. (2000): Atmospheric Mercury Emissions in Europe from Anthropogenic Sources. Atmospheric Environment 35, 2987-2996. 60. Poissant, L., Pilote, M., (2001): Atmospheric mercury and ozone depletion events observed at low latitude along the Hudson Bay in northern Quebec (Kuujjuarapik: 55°N). Book of Abstracts (AT-23), Sixth International Conference on Mercury as a Global Pollutant, Minamata, Japan, October 15–19. 61. Possanzini, M., Febo, A., and Liberti, A. New design of a high performance denuder for the sampling of atmospheric pollutants. Atmospheric Environment 17 (1983), pp. 2605–2610.
Fate of Mercury in the Arctic 125 62. Roos-Barraclough F; Givelet N; Martinez-Cortizas A; Goodsite M E; Biester H; Shotyk W., (2002): An analytical protocol for the determination of total mercury concentrations in solid peat samples. Science of the Total Environment, 292(1-2), 129-39. 63. Salvato N, Pirola C., (1996): Analysis of mercury traces by means of solid samples atomic absorption spectrometry, Microchimica Acta, 123(1–4):63 –71. 64. Schroeder, W. H. and Munthe, J. (1998): Atmospheric Mercury - An Overview. Atmospheric Environment 32, 809-822. 65. Schroeder, W. H., Anlauf, K. G., Barrie, L.A., Lu, J.Y. and Steffen, A. (1998): Arctic springtime depletion of mercury. Nature 394, 331-332. 66. Schroeder, W. H., Steffen, A., Scott, K., Bender, T., Prestbo, E., Ebinghaus, R., Lu J. Y., and Lindberg, S. E., (2003): Summary report: first international Arctic atmospheric mercury research workshop, Atmospheric Environment, Volume 37, Issue 18, Pages 2551-2555. 67. Schuster, P.F., Krabbenhoft, D.P., Naftz, D.L., Cecil, L.D., Olson, M.L., Dewild, J.F., Susong, D.D., Green, J.R. and Abbott, M.L., (2002): Atmospheric Mercury Deposition during the Last 270 Years: A Glacial Ice Core Record of Natural and Anthropogenic Sources. Environmental Science and Technology 36 (11), 2303 -2310. 68. Seigneur, C., Karamchandani, P., Lohman, K., Vijayaraghavan, K. and Shia, R-L. (2001): Multiscale modeling of the atmospheric fate and transport of mercury. Journal of Geophysical Research 106 (D21), 27795-27809. 69. Sheu, G.P., and Mason, R.P., (2001): An Examination of Methods for the Measurements of Reactive Gaseous Mercury in the Atmosphere. Environmental Science and Technology, 35 (6), 1209 -1216. 70. Shotyk, W., Goodsite, M.E., Roos-Barraclough, F., Frei, R., Heinemeier, J., Asmund, G., Lohse, C., Hansen, T.S., (in-press): Anthropogenic contributions to atmospheric Hg, Pb and As accumulation recorded by peat cores from southern Greenland and Denmark dated using the 14C “bomb pulse curve”. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta accepted 02 June, 2003. 71. Shotyk, W., Goodsite, M.E., Roos-Barraclough, F., Givelet, N., LeRoux, G., Weiss, D., Norton, S., Knudsen, K., and Lohse, C., (2003): Unpublished data. Manuscript in preparation “Atmospheric Mercury and Lead Accumulation Since 5420 14 C yr BP at Myrarnar, Faroe Islands” 72. Skov, H. (2001) Transport of atmospheric mercury from mid-latitudes to the Arctic A model and Measurements study. In: EUROTRAC-2 MEPOP Atmospheric cycling of mercury and persistent organic pollutants subproject description. International Scientific Secretariat GSF- Forschungszentrum für Umwelt and Gesundheit GmbH; Munich, Germany. 73. Skov, H. Nielsdóttir, M.C. Goodsite, M.E. Christensen, J. Skjøth, C.A. Geernaert, G. Hertel, O. Olsen, J. (2003 1 ) “Measurements and modelling of gaseous elemental mercury on the Faroe Islands”. Accepted. Asian Chemistry Letters. 74. Skov, H., Christensen, J., Goodsite, M.E., Heidam, N.Z., Jensen, B., Wåhlin, P., Geernaert, G. The Fate of Elemental Mercury in Arctic during Atmospheric Mercury Depletion Episodes and the Load of Atmospheric Mercury to Arctic. Submitted to Environmental Science and Technology, June 2003. 75. Slemr, F., Schuster, G. and Seiler, W., (1985): Distribution, speciation and budget of atmospheric mercury. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 3, pp. 407–434.
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(51) Ebinghaus, R.; Kock, H. H.; Te
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Introduction The perennial oxidatio
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Table 1 lists the binding energies
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and a classical densities of states
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496 M E Goodsite et al. In the pres
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ABSTRACT Mercury concentrations are
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INTRODUCTION Atmospheric pollution
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and the relative importance of natu
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corresponding to the alkaline igneo
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edges cut off the slices were dried
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Age dating using 14 C Plant macrofo
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espectively (Naucke et al., 1993).
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200 was in the range 1 to 3 :g/m 2
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unpublished data for these paramete
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leachable fraction, and 32.1 µg/g
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indicator of the concentration of a
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caused by the introduction of gasol
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porewaters reveals the influence of
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For example, Hg may become adsorbed
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of the GL profile. Comparison with
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further improve our knowledge of pr
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which are derived from them. In con
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are grateful to
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Bindler, R. (2003) Estimating the n
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of Southern Denmark. Goodsite, M.E.
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MacKenzie AB, Farmer JG, Sugden CL.
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Schroeder, W.H. and Munthe, J. (199
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Table 1. AMS 14 C dating of plant m
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Table 3. Pb isotope data of leachat
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esidual fractions of the “B” co
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Depth (cm) Depth (cm) a b 0 -10 -20
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Hg accumulation rate (µg/m2/yr) 10
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Depth (cm) Depth (cm) a b 0 -10 -20
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Saturday, 28 December 2002 (Revised
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INTRODUCTION Recent research utiliz
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In addition, the coring system incl
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and testing prior to the Carey Isla
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Development of thi
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Fig. 5. The stainless steel (AISI 3
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Fig. 2. 13
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Fig. 6. 17