FATE OF MERCURY IN THE ARCTIC Michael Evan ... - COGCI

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Fate of Mercury in the Arctic 38 For all measurements a field blank was obtained by handling a denuder in the field. Hg Mass from this field blank was subtracted from the measured Hg masses on the exposed denuders. If there was any indication of Hg (0) adsorption, for example with sudden sharp increases in Hg amounts then the denuder was cleaned and re-coated, since as pointed out by Sheu and Mason, 2001, just 1% of Hg (0) adsorption on a denuder is enough to compromise RGM measurements. It is therefore very important to carefully follow the prescribed methods, especially since annular denuders are used as part of the reactive gaseous mercury flux measurement system. All accuracies with the denuders were found to be in good agreement with those reported by Landis et al., 2002. In the Barrow 2001 campaign, the EPA manual denuders exhibited a precision of 10%, based on co-located parallel measurements. During sampling the denuders were kept constant at approximately 50 o C above ambient temperatures with the initial heating caps, or at 50 o C, with the improved heating caps. Temperature was verified by sliding a thermometer probe into the air surrounding the denuder between the outer wall of the denuder and the heating mantel, and measuring the air temperature. It is assumed that the denuder coating temperature is in equilibrium with the air temperature.
Fate of Mercury in the Arctic 39 3.6 Flux measurements of reactive gaseous mercury by relaxed eddy accumulation Figure 3 Relaxed eddy accumulation system deployed on a tower support pole at NOAA CMDL, Barrow Alaska. The photo is toward Point Barrow, with the system oriented northeast, in the direction of prevailing winds coming from the Beaufort Sea, approximately 2 km from the station. NOAA CMDL is approximately 9 m above sea level, with a flat terrain profile. Metek Sonic anemometer mounted independently on 1 side of the support. 3 original heating mantels mounted behind the sonic anemometer. The two heating mantels to the right are for up and down channels, the heating cap to the left is for mid channel denuders. Original heating caps could warm the denuders to 50 0 C above ambient such that typical temperatures were 20 0 C. Black neoprene air hoses go to the black box that will be buried in the snow to hold the REA switches and other components warm. From left to right in the photo, S. Brooks, NOAA, M. Goodsite, NERI and M. Landis, US EPA. REA control system from Metsupport, Denmark. Courtesy of S. Lindberg, ORNL. Relaxed eddy accumulation, REA, is a micrometeorological method for trace gas flux determination. All micrometeorological systems require the measurement of the turbulent component of air and the measurement of the trace gas of interest. REA “relaxes” the requirement for instantaneous gas analysis by preferentially collecting air over time into some type of accumulator and analysing the trace gas in the collected sample after the sampling period.
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Submitted to Atmospheric Environmen
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1. Introduction Mercury in the atmo
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For all flux measurements, heating
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esponse switching valves supplied b
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3.1 RGM flux measurements The resul
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estimating for Alert an average spr
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References 1. Businger J.A. and Onc
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Table captions Table 1. RGM mass ra
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Figure 2. RGM pg m-3 350 300 250 20
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Table 2 DAYHOURMON avg.temp avg.WS
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Fate of Mercury in the Arctic Paper
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FIGURE 1. Schematic diagram of the
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mass flow controller to 10 L/min an
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FIGURE 3. Trends in Hg 0 (upper plo
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FIGURE 6. Trends in several Hg spec
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FIGURE 7. Spatial patterns in month
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(51) Ebinghaus, R.; Kock, H. H.; Te
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The fate of elemental mercury in Ar
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Ozone was measured with an UV absor
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demonstrating that BrO and ClO with
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In the model the removal of GEM lea
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15. Kemp, K. and Wåhlin, P. Applic
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GEM, ng/m 3 Fig 3. GEM against ozon
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Fig. 6 Comparison of measured surfa
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Introduction The perennial oxidatio
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Ariya et al. (11) have shown recent
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Table 1 lists the binding energies
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and a classical densities of states
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The third point demonstrated in Fig
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7. Lamborg, C. H.; Fitzgerald, W.;
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Figure 1. k rec / cm 3 molecule -1
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Asian Chemistry Letters vol. XX, No
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496 M E Goodsite et al. In the pres
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498 M E Goodsite et al. Figure 1 Th
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500 M E Goodsite et al. observed a
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502 M E Goodsite et al. Table 1 14C
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504 M E Goodsite et al. annual reso
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506 M E Goodsite et al. Table 2b Sa
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508 M E Goodsite et al. Going from
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510 M E Goodsite et al. dry mass. T
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512 M E Goodsite et al. Figure 4 Hg
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514 M E Goodsite et al. Koenig B, L
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130 F. Roos-Barraclough et al. / Th
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ABSTRACT Mercury concentrations are
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INTRODUCTION Atmospheric pollution
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and the relative importance of natu
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corresponding to the alkaline igneo
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edges cut off the slices were dried
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Age dating using 14 C Plant macrofo
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espectively (Naucke et al., 1993).
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200 was in the range 1 to 3 :g/m 2
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unpublished data for these paramete
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leachable fraction, and 32.1 µg/g
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indicator of the concentration of a
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caused by the introduction of gasol
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porewaters reveals the influence of
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For example, Hg may become adsorbed
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of the GL profile. Comparison with
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further improve our knowledge of pr
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which are derived from them. In con
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are grateful to
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Bindler, R. (2003) Estimating the n
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of Southern Denmark. Goodsite, M.E.
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MacKenzie AB, Farmer JG, Sugden CL.
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Schroeder, W.H. and Munthe, J. (199
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Table 1. AMS 14 C dating of plant m
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Table 3. Pb isotope data of leachat
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esidual fractions of the “B” co
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Depth (cm) Depth (cm) a b 0 -10 -20
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Hg accumulation rate (µg/m2/yr) 10
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Depth (cm) a Pb/Zr = UCC Depth (cm)
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Depth (cm) a Depth (cm) b 0 -10 -20
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Depth (cm) Depth (cm) a b 0 -10 -20
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Saturday, 28 December 2002 (Revised
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INTRODUCTION Recent research utiliz
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In addition, the coring system incl
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and testing prior to the Carey Isla
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Development of thi
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Fig. 5. The stainless steel (AISI 3
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Fig. 2. 13
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Fig. 4. 15
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Fig. 6. 17
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FATE OF MERCURY IN THE ARCTIC Michael Evan ... - COGCI

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