FATE OF MERCURY IN THE ARCTIC Michael Evan ... - COGCI

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Fate of Mercury in the Arctic 80 Figure 16. Samples from peat cores from Denmark and S. Greenland reproduce the bomb pulse curve well. From Goodsite et al., 2002, Appendix C. Atmospheric Hg accumulation rates in southern Greenland The dated profile can be analysed for trace elements or for paleo-ecological purposes and can be used to calculate an age-depth model to estimate peat accumulation rates. For example by using the dates determined by the bomb pulse dating method, from AD 1950 to ca. 1976, the accumulation rate was 0.68 cm yr -1 , and since ca. 1976 the rate has been 0.20 cm yr -1 . The age depth model allows the atmospheric Hg accumulation rate to be estimated as the product of the volumetric Hg concentrations, ng cm -3 , Figures 17 a and b, page 83, and the peat accumulation rate, cm yr -1 , when re-emission is not taken into account. Figure 18 a and b, page 84. Results for deeper portions of the profile, see Shotyk et al., 2003, Appendix C, show that pre- industrial Hg accumulation rate ranged from 0.3 to 3 µg m -2 yr -1 when clearly minerogenic enrichments are disregarded, such as seen at the bottom of the south Greenland profile at a depth of
Fate of Mercury in the Arctic 81 approximately 80 cm. This then would be an indication of an upper limit for natural flux values. Since this is a minerogenic peat, with geogenic input, this rate is expected to be higher than deposition due to atmospheric supply alone. From Figure 18a. page 84, it is seen that the accumulation rate in south Greenland reached its maximum in 1953 at 164 µg m -2 yr -1 , where it thereafter falls and begins to rise again in the 70’s with a fall in the late 80’s. The value in 1995: 14.1 µg m -2 yr -1 is in excellent agreement with the deposition predicted by the Danish Eulerian Hemispheric Model, DEHM: 12.0 µg m -2 yr -1 for South Greenland (Christensen et al., 2002, Skov et al., 2003 submitted). Present day values appear to be declining and are presently an order of magnitude higher than pre industrial values at the conservative limit, and a factor 3 to 4 at the positive limit. Atmospheric Hg accumulation rates in southern Denmark By using dates determined by the high resolution dating method (Goodsite et al., 2002, Appendix C) an average peat accumulation rate from AD 1950 to AD 1980 was 0.47 cm/y, and since AD 1980 was 0.21 cm/yr (Shotyk et al., 2003, accepted, Appendix C). Using these peat accumulation rates, the net atmospheric Hg accumulation rate was calculated in the same way as for south Greenland, by multiplying the volumetric concentration by the peat accumulation. In Figure 18b. page 84, it is seen that in Denmark the maximum Hg accumulation rate was also found in 1953, at 184 µg m -2 yr -1 . The overall trend in Denmark is the same as that seen in Greenland. For 1994 the deposition of 14 µg m -2 yr -1 is very comparable to the Danish Eulerian Hemisphere Model prediction of 18 µg m -2 yr -1 in 1995 (Christensen et al., 2002, Skov et al., 2003 submitted, Appendix C).
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Submitted to Atmospheric Environmen
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1. Introduction Mercury in the atmo
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For all flux measurements, heating
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esponse switching valves supplied b
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3.1 RGM flux measurements The resul
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estimating for Alert an average spr
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References 1. Businger J.A. and Onc
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Table captions Table 1. RGM mass ra
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Figure 2. RGM pg m-3 350 300 250 20
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Table 2 DAYHOURMON avg.temp avg.WS
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Fate of Mercury in the Arctic Paper
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FIGURE 1. Schematic diagram of the
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mass flow controller to 10 L/min an
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FIGURE 3. Trends in Hg 0 (upper plo
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FIGURE 6. Trends in several Hg spec
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FIGURE 7. Spatial patterns in month
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(51) Ebinghaus, R.; Kock, H. H.; Te
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The fate of elemental mercury in Ar
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Ozone was measured with an UV absor
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demonstrating that BrO and ClO with
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In the model the removal of GEM lea
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15. Kemp, K. and Wåhlin, P. Applic
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GEM, ng/m 3 Fig 3. GEM against ozon
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Fig. 6 Comparison of measured surfa
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Introduction The perennial oxidatio
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Ariya et al. (11) have shown recent
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Table 1 lists the binding energies
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and a classical densities of states
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The third point demonstrated in Fig
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7. Lamborg, C. H.; Fitzgerald, W.;
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Figure 1. k rec / cm 3 molecule -1
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Asian Chemistry Letters vol. XX, No
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496 M E Goodsite et al. In the pres
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498 M E Goodsite et al. Figure 1 Th
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500 M E Goodsite et al. observed a
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502 M E Goodsite et al. Table 1 14C
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504 M E Goodsite et al. annual reso
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506 M E Goodsite et al. Table 2b Sa
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512 M E Goodsite et al. Figure 4 Hg
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514 M E Goodsite et al. Koenig B, L
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130 F. Roos-Barraclough et al. / Th
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ABSTRACT Mercury concentrations are
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INTRODUCTION Atmospheric pollution
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and the relative importance of natu
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corresponding to the alkaline igneo
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edges cut off the slices were dried
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Age dating using 14 C Plant macrofo
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espectively (Naucke et al., 1993).
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200 was in the range 1 to 3 :g/m 2
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unpublished data for these paramete
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leachable fraction, and 32.1 µg/g
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indicator of the concentration of a
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caused by the introduction of gasol
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porewaters reveals the influence of
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For example, Hg may become adsorbed
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of the GL profile. Comparison with
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further improve our knowledge of pr
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which are derived from them. In con
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are grateful to
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Bindler, R. (2003) Estimating the n
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of Southern Denmark. Goodsite, M.E.
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MacKenzie AB, Farmer JG, Sugden CL.
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Schroeder, W.H. and Munthe, J. (199
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Table 1. AMS 14 C dating of plant m
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Table 3. Pb isotope data of leachat
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esidual fractions of the “B” co
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Depth (cm) Depth (cm) a b 0 -10 -20
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Hg accumulation rate (µg/m2/yr) 10
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Depth (cm) a Pb/Zr = UCC Depth (cm)
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Depth (cm) a Depth (cm) b 0 -10 -20
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Depth (cm) Depth (cm) a b 0 -10 -20
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Saturday, 28 December 2002 (Revised
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INTRODUCTION Recent research utiliz
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In addition, the coring system incl
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and testing prior to the Carey Isla
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Development of thi
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Fig. 5. The stainless steel (AISI 3
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Fig. 2. 13
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Fig. 4. 15
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Fig. 6. 17
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FATE OF MERCURY IN THE ARCTIC Michael Evan ... - COGCI

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