FATE OF MERCURY IN THE ARCTIC Michael Evan ... - COGCI

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ABSTRACT. An improved corer and associated equipment for obtaining continuous samples of frozen peat are described. In addition, new machines for precise slicing of frozen peat cores and accurate sub-sampling of volumetric slices are described and illustrated. Key words: Arctic, frozen peat, coring equipment, permafrost, and tundra. 2
<strong>IN</strong>TRODUCTION Recent research utilizing peat deposits in the High Arctic as archives of environmental contaminants has required a coring system to obtain continuous, undisturbed cores from deposits that are typically more than 2 m deep and are frozen below 10 - 20 cm. After examining sampling options, we decided to build our own corer, improving upon previous, unpublished designs such as the SIPRE/CRREL corer (Snow, Ice and Permafrost Research Establishment, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers which later became Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory), and a similar corer described by Hughes and Terasmae (1963) which was used extensively by the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) in the 1960’s and 1970’s (Blake 1964, 1974, 1977; Veillette and Nixon, 1980). The motorized corer described by Hughes and Terasmae was based on improvements made to a hand-operated, SIPRE-type ice corer manufactured by AB Stålsvets, Sollentuna, Sweden. The corer employed by Hughes and Terasmae in the Yukon in 1962 (Hughes and Terasmae, 1963, pp. 270-272 (as cited in Blake, 1964) had teeth of tooled steel. Blake replaced these with carboloy teeth, noting excellent results (Blake, 1964). Carboloy is an alloy containing cobalt, tungsten, and carbon teeth. This alloy is harder than steel; it is commonly used to cut steel, quartz, and other materials. Its hardness is little affected by heat. Visually, the corer that we built looks similar to the Austin Kovacs Enterprises (AKE) MARK V Ice Corer. However, the AKE MARK V corer is designed for coring ice, and the materials used for constructing it (stainless steel cutting teeth, anodized aluminum cutting head, fiberglass barrel) render it unsuitable for coring frozen peat which might contain sand or other mineral particles (Austin Kovacs, personal communication). Visual inspection of the peat cores from Bathurst Island collected by Blake in 1963 revealed abundant grains of mineral material, clearly indicating the need for robust coring equipment using suitable construction materials. Because there was no commercially available corer for collecting undisturbed cores of frozen peat, we decided to design and build our own. After a prototype corer had been built, we compared it to a GSC corer as 3
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Submitted to Atmospheric Environmen
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1. Introduction Mercury in the atmo
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For all flux measurements, heating
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esponse switching valves supplied b
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3.1 RGM flux measurements The resul
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estimating for Alert an average spr
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References 1. Businger J.A. and Onc
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Table captions Table 1. RGM mass ra
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Figure 2. RGM pg m-3 350 300 250 20
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Table 2 DAYHOURMON avg.temp avg.WS
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Fate of Mercury in the Arctic Paper
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FIGURE 1. Schematic diagram of the
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mass flow controller to 10 L/min an
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FIGURE 3. Trends in Hg 0 (upper plo
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FIGURE 6. Trends in several Hg spec
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FIGURE 7. Spatial patterns in month
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(51) Ebinghaus, R.; Kock, H. H.; Te
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The fate of elemental mercury in Ar
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Ozone was measured with an UV absor
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demonstrating that BrO and ClO with
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In the model the removal of GEM lea
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15. Kemp, K. and Wåhlin, P. Applic
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GEM, ng/m 3 Fig 3. GEM against ozon
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Fig. 6 Comparison of measured surfa
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Introduction The perennial oxidatio
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Ariya et al. (11) have shown recent
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Table 1 lists the binding energies
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and a classical densities of states
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The third point demonstrated in Fig
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7. Lamborg, C. H.; Fitzgerald, W.;
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Figure 1. k rec / cm 3 molecule -1
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Asian Chemistry Letters vol. XX, No
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496 M E Goodsite et al. In the pres
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ABSTRACT Mercury concentrations are
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INTRODUCTION Atmospheric pollution
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and the relative importance of natu
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corresponding to the alkaline igneo
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edges cut off the slices were dried
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Age dating using 14 C Plant macrofo
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Page 282 and 283: porewaters reveals the influence of
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Page 286 and 287: of the GL profile. Comparison with
Page 288 and 289: further improve our knowledge of pr
Page 290 and 291: which are derived from them. In con
Page 292 and 293: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are grateful to
Page 294 and 295: Bindler, R. (2003) Estimating the n
Page 296 and 297: of Southern Denmark. Goodsite, M.E.
Page 298 and 299: MacKenzie AB, Farmer JG, Sugden CL.
Page 300 and 301: Schroeder, W.H. and Munthe, J. (199
Page 302 and 303: Table 1. AMS 14 C dating of plant m
Page 304 and 305: Table 3. Pb isotope data of leachat
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Page 309 and 310: Depth (cm) Depth (cm) a b 0 -10 -20
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Page 313 and 314: Depth (cm) a Pb/Zr = UCC Depth (cm)
Page 315 and 316: Depth (cm) a Depth (cm) b 0 -10 -20
Page 317 and 318: Depth (cm) Depth (cm) a b 0 -10 -20
Page 319: Saturday, 28 December 2002 (Revised
Page 323 and 324: In addition, the coring system incl
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Page 327 and 328: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Development of thi
Page 329 and 330: Fig. 5. The stainless steel (AISI 3
Page 331 and 332: Fig. 2. 13
Page 333 and 334: Fig. 4. 15
Page 335: Fig. 6. 17
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FATE OF MERCURY IN THE ARCTIC Michael Evan ... - COGCI

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