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FATE OF MERCURY IN THE ARCTIC Michael Evan ... - COGCI

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While we believe that we have made a major advance in understanding the chemistry governing<br />

MDEs, these results associated with mercury load estimates have to be taken with caution for<br />

several reasons.<br />

• There is far from full understanding of the chemical processes controlling atmospheric mercury<br />

and as a consequence the parameterization of AMDE in the model is not at present adequate for<br />

a reliable quantitative calculation of the mercury burden.<br />

• The source of Br is not well described and thus the temporal and geographical variability is not<br />

well described<br />

• Evidence is reported for re-emission of mercury to the atmosphere, which is not included in the<br />

model<br />

For these reasons the 208 tons/year represents only an estimate of the upper limit for the mercury<br />

load to the Arctic area.<br />

Acknowledgement<br />

A. Richter is acknowledged for providing us with the BrO data from the GOME satellite.<br />

The Danish Environmental Protection Agency financially supported this work with means from the<br />

MIKA/DANCEA funds for Environmental Support to the Arctic Region. The findings and<br />

conclusions presented here do not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency.<br />

The Royal Danish Air Force is acknowledged for providing free transport to Station Nord and the<br />

staff at Station Nord are specially acknowledged for an excellent support<br />

<strong>Michael</strong> E. Goodsite was financially supported by NERI and the Danish Research Council.<br />

References<br />

1. AMAP Greenland 1994-1996, (1997) Publisher: Ministry of the Environment and Energy,<br />

Danish Environmental Protection Agency, ISBN 87-7810-762-8.<br />

2. Grandjean, P. Weihe, P. White, R.F and Debes, F. Env. Res. Sec A. (1998) 77, 165-172.<br />

3. Shotyk, W. Goodsite, M.E. Roos-Barraclough, F. Frei, R. Heinemeier, J. Asmund, G. Lohse, C.<br />

Hansen, T.S. Anthropogenic contributions to atmospheric Hg, Pb and As accumulation recorded<br />

by peat cores from southern Greenland and Denmark dated using the 14C “bomb pulse curve”<br />

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta Accepted 02 June, 2003<br />

4. Lin C-J. and Pehkonen, S.O. Atm. Envir.333 (1999) pp. 2067-2070.<br />

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Richter, A. E. S.& T. (2002) 36, 1245-1256.<br />

7. Berg, T. Batnicki, J. Munthe, J. Lattila, H. Hrehoruk, J. and Mazur, A. Atm. Envir. (2001) 35,<br />

2569-2582.<br />

8. Goodsite, M.E. Brooks, S.B.Lindberg, S.E. Meyers, T.P Skov, H. and Larsen, M.R.B. (2003)<br />

Measuring reactive gaseous mercury flux by relaxed eddy accumulation using KCl coated<br />

annular denuders. Under preparation.<br />

9. Hansen, A.S. Nielsen, T.G. Levinsen, H. Madsen, S.D. Thingstad, T.F. and Hansen, B.W.<br />

Deep-Sea Res. Part I (2003) 50, 171-187.<br />

10. Barrie, L.A. Bottenheim, J.W. Schnell, R,C. Crutzen, P.J. and Rasmussen, R.A. Nature (1988)<br />

334, 138-141.<br />

11. Foster, K.L. Plastridge Atm. Env. , R.A. Bottenheim, J.W. Shepson, P.B. Finlayson-Pitts, B.J.<br />

Spicer C.W. Science (2001) 291, 471-474.<br />

12. Christensen, J. Atm. Env. (1997) 31, 4169-4191.<br />

13. Christensen, J.H. Brandt, J. Frohn, L.M. and Skov, H. Submitted to Atm. Chem. Phys. April<br />

2003.<br />

14. Heidam, N.Z. Wåhlin, P. and Christensen, J.H. J. Atm. Sciences, (1999) 56, 261-278.<br />

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