FATE OF MERCURY IN THE ARCTIC Michael Evan ... - COGCI

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Fate of Mercury in the Arctic 72 and the additive product of the denuders, up, mid, down were within 25% of the constantly sampled denuder. There was a good mass balance between the up and down channel. The results of the 2001 campaign in Alaska (Barrow Arctic Mercury Study (BAMS)) are shown in Table 1. page 73 and Figure 14 page 77. The largest deposition velocity in 2001 was approximately 2.8 cm s -1 and the average was close to 1 cm s -1 . Concentrations of the three denuder tubes, up, mid and down, were added together to determine the total concentration, and concentration was compared with the on site Tekran automatic RGM monitor, MODEL 1130, described in Lindberg et al., 2002, Appendix C. Since the machines were not running absolutely simultaneously, a linear interpretation was made to compare concentrations for the same time frame. The heating system for the annular denuder heating system for the 1130 kept the denuders warmer than the heating mantles on the REA system. Not taking run two into account, since a valve was frozen open, it is seen that the percent difference varies, with an average for the campaign of 24% with a standard deviation of 42. Percent difference between the two measurements was as small as 3% and as large as 78%. It is seen that in all but 2 of the runs, run 2 excluded, the RGM REA total is less than the 1130 value, perhaps because of differences in the heating mantle system or in differences of flow calibration between the two systems. The REA system when properly on the tower, after a period of time should report the same number of counts per up and down channel, due to conservation of mass, and did so prior to deployment in Barrow at Walker Branch. In Barrow, there was always a greater number, up to 30% more, of counts on the down channel, suggesting that the sonic anemometer was not positioned properly. Therefore the channel count data was corrected to ensure mass conservation as follows: 1) Corrected counts in Down = registered counts in Down - (registered counts in Down – counts in up). Control: total counts for all channels registered = total counts with down corrected. 2) Corrected Counts for Mid = registered Counts for Mid - (Registered Counts for Down - corrected counts for Down); The lost mass must be placed in mid channel for later concentration calculation. Control: Corrected counts Mid > registered counts mid, but total counts all channels still the same. 3) Corrected Counts Up = Old Counts up Up, since down was preferred during sampling.
Fate of Mercury in the Arctic 73 4) New Total Volume for each denuder = New count * 10 l per second (fixed) Control: registered total Volume = Corrected total volume Control: registered total mass, RGM in ng Hg (0) = new total mass RGM, ng Hg (0). 6) New concentration: New mass / New volume Run dates and time, reported as Greenwich Mean Time, not local time, in accordance with the other monitors at CMDL Barrow. The sonic anemometer consistently showed an ambient temperature of 2 degrees higher than other ambient temperature instruments at CMDL. This indicates that one ore more of the heads was slightly out of line after shipping. This should not affect the measurements since the proportionality constant, β, is based on the heat flux, so it is the difference in temperature that matters. This is assuming, that there was no significant heat flux. Table 1. RGM mass raw data and accumulated concentrations corrected for blank values, 1130 are automatic RGM concentration measurements from the NOAA TEKRAN speciation unit, for comparison to REA total as % difference, run 2 not included in compared avg. and std. deviation. Date time group RGM mass (pg) Concentration Blank. Corrected (pg/m3) Run Dt/time(Z) Down mid up down mid up Total 1130 % difference 1 29 2200-30 0100 MAR 29,3 15,3 12,3 67,7 19,0 33,7 121 126 4 2 30 1800-30 2200 MAR 28,2 353,9 24,7 44,6 310,6 46,7 402 58 (-593) 3 02 2000-03 0000 APR 31,0 23,7 21,0 39,9 23,2 42,2 105 93 -13 4 04 2015-05 0015 APR 11,8 22,9 9,4 17,4 22,5 15,6 56 65 14 5 05 1839-06 0039 APR 31,0 56,4 27,2 33,8 32,7 31,7 98 448 78 6 07 1850-08 0050 APR 61,4 92,6 38,6 57,5 58,0 46,2 162 99 -64 7 08 2030-09 0030 APR 25,5 24,6 13,7 33,5 23,8 27,0 84 172 51 8 09 1804-10 0104 APR 44,8 68,1 35,9 35,9 36,2 36,9 109 335 67 9 10 1839-10 2339 APR 29,9 41,7 22,7 33,5 30,3 36,1 100 166 40 10 11 2000-12 0000 APR 27,1 34,8 16,4 39,8 32,8 29,4 102 121 16 12 12 2100-13 0000 APR 26,7 41,8 21,4 31,2 30,0 32,8 94 97 3 AVERAGE 31,5 70,5 22,1 39,5 56,3 34,4 24 Std. Dev. 12,47 96,72 9,26 13,49 84,99 8,97 42 11 (night) 12 0800-12 1100 APR 4,80 6,70 2,2 6,4 6,4 4,5 17 48 65 Table 2, page 75, shows other average data for the run, as recorded by the sonic anemometer. The clean air sector for NOAA, CMDL, Barrow, Alaska is defined as wind arriving
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Submitted to Atmospheric Environmen
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1. Introduction Mercury in the atmo
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For all flux measurements, heating
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esponse switching valves supplied b
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3.1 RGM flux measurements The resul
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estimating for Alert an average spr
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References 1. Businger J.A. and Onc
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Table captions Table 1. RGM mass ra
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Figure 2. RGM pg m-3 350 300 250 20
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Table 2 DAYHOURMON avg.temp avg.WS
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Fate of Mercury in the Arctic Paper
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FIGURE 1. Schematic diagram of the
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mass flow controller to 10 L/min an
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FIGURE 3. Trends in Hg 0 (upper plo
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FIGURE 6. Trends in several Hg spec
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FIGURE 7. Spatial patterns in month
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(51) Ebinghaus, R.; Kock, H. H.; Te
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The fate of elemental mercury in Ar
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Ozone was measured with an UV absor
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demonstrating that BrO and ClO with
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In the model the removal of GEM lea
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15. Kemp, K. and Wåhlin, P. Applic
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GEM, ng/m 3 Fig 3. GEM against ozon
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Fig. 6 Comparison of measured surfa
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Introduction The perennial oxidatio
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Ariya et al. (11) have shown recent
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Table 1 lists the binding energies
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and a classical densities of states
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The third point demonstrated in Fig
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7. Lamborg, C. H.; Fitzgerald, W.;
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Figure 1. k rec / cm 3 molecule -1
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Asian Chemistry Letters vol. XX, No
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496 M E Goodsite et al. In the pres
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498 M E Goodsite et al. Figure 1 Th
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500 M E Goodsite et al. observed a
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502 M E Goodsite et al. Table 1 14C
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504 M E Goodsite et al. annual reso
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506 M E Goodsite et al. Table 2b Sa
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510 M E Goodsite et al. dry mass. T
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512 M E Goodsite et al. Figure 4 Hg
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514 M E Goodsite et al. Koenig B, L
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130 F. Roos-Barraclough et al. / Th
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ABSTRACT Mercury concentrations are
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INTRODUCTION Atmospheric pollution
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and the relative importance of natu
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corresponding to the alkaline igneo
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edges cut off the slices were dried
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Age dating using 14 C Plant macrofo
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espectively (Naucke et al., 1993).
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200 was in the range 1 to 3 :g/m 2
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unpublished data for these paramete
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leachable fraction, and 32.1 µg/g
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indicator of the concentration of a
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caused by the introduction of gasol
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porewaters reveals the influence of
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For example, Hg may become adsorbed
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of the GL profile. Comparison with
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further improve our knowledge of pr
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which are derived from them. In con
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are grateful to
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Bindler, R. (2003) Estimating the n
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of Southern Denmark. Goodsite, M.E.
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MacKenzie AB, Farmer JG, Sugden CL.
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Schroeder, W.H. and Munthe, J. (199
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Table 1. AMS 14 C dating of plant m
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Table 3. Pb isotope data of leachat
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esidual fractions of the “B” co
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Depth (cm) Depth (cm) a b 0 -10 -20
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Hg accumulation rate (µg/m2/yr) 10
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Depth (cm) a Pb/Zr = UCC Depth (cm)
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Depth (cm) a Depth (cm) b 0 -10 -20
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Depth (cm) Depth (cm) a b 0 -10 -20
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Saturday, 28 December 2002 (Revised
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INTRODUCTION Recent research utiliz
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In addition, the coring system incl
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and testing prior to the Carey Isla
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Development of thi
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Fig. 5. The stainless steel (AISI 3
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Fig. 2. 13
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Fig. 4. 15
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Fig. 6. 17
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FATE OF MERCURY IN THE ARCTIC Michael Evan ... - COGCI

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