FATE OF MERCURY IN THE ARCTIC Michael Evan ... - COGCI

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502 M E Goodsite et al. Table 1 14C determination in plants from Arizona, USA to establish a terrestrial bomb-pulse calibration curvea Lab nr Sample speciesb Specification Sample yr Sample location d 13C (‰) pMCc AA6665 Douglas Fir Tree ring 1955 Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona, USA - 25.0d 100.2 ± 0.6 AA6667 Douglas Fir Tree ring 1957 Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona, USA - 25.0d 108.4 ± 0.6 AA6668 Douglas Fir Tree ring 1959 Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona, USA - 25.0d 125.5 ± 0.7 AA6670 Douglas Fir Tree ring 1961 Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona, USA - 25.0d 122.9 ± 0.7 AA6671 Douglas Fir Tree ring 1962 Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona, USA - 25.0d 134.4 ± 1.2 AA6672 Douglas Fir Tree ring 1963 Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona, USA - 25.0d 161.8 ± 0.9 AA6673 Douglas Fir Tree ring 1964 Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona, USA - 25.0d 182.3 ± 1.1 AA6674 Douglas Fir Tree ring 1965 Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona, USA - 25.0d 175.6 ± 0.9 AA6675 Douglas Fir Tree ring 1966 Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona, USA - 25.0d 169.4 ± 1.0 AA6676 Douglas Fir Tree ring 1967 Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona, USA - 25.0d 165.7 ± 0.9 AA6678 Douglas Fir Tree ring 1969 Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona, USA - 25.0d 156.8 ± 0.9 AA6680 Douglas Fir Tree ring 1971 Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona, USA - 25.0d 153.8 ± 0.9 AA11846 Cotton Seed 1972 Southern Arizona, USA - 27.0 145.8 ± 0.6 AA11847 Cotton Seed 1973 Southern Arizona, USA - 26.4 143.9 ± 0.4 AA6682 Douglas Fir Tree ring 1973 Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona, USA - 25.0d 145.0 ± 0.8 1973 (weighted average) 144.1 ± 0.4 AA11848 Cotton Seed 1974 Southern Arizona, USA - 26.0 140.9 ± 0.4 AA11849 Cotton Seed 1974 Southern Arizona, USA - 29.3 139.5 ± 0.6 1974 (weighted average) 140.5 ± 0.3 AA11850 Cotton Seed 1975 Southern Arizona, USA - 27.1 137.6 ± 0.7 AA11851 Cotton Seed 1975 Southern Arizona, USA - 27.8 137.8 ± 0.5 AA6684 Douglas Fir Tree ring 1975 Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona, USA - 25.0d 138.7 ± 0.8 1975 (weighted average) 137.9 ± 0.4 AA6686 Douglas Fir Tree ring 1977 Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona, USA - 25.0d 134.7 ± 0.7 AA6688 Douglas Fir Tree ring 1979 Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona, USA - 25.0d 129.9 ± 0.7 AA11839 Cotton Seed 1980 Southern Arizona, USA - 28.2 127.7 ± 0.7 AA11840 Cotton Seed 1981 Southern Arizona, USA - 28.7 126.1 ± 0.4 AA11841 Cotton Seed 1981 Southern Arizona, USA - 27.3 126.3 ± 0.6 AA6690 Douglas Fir Tree ring 1981 Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona, USA - 25.0d 127.1 ± 0.7
Table 1 14 C determination in plants from Arizona, USA to establish a terrestrial bomb-pulse calibration curve a (Continued) Specification Sample yr Sample location d 13 C (‰) pMC c Lab nr Sample species b 1981 (weighted average) 126.3 ± 0.3 AA6692 Douglas Fir Tree ring 1983 Santa Catalina Mountains, - 25.0 Arizona, USA d 124.5 ± 0.7 AA11843 Cotton Seed 1984 Southern Arizona, USA - 26.9 122.6 ± 0.4 AA11844 Cotton Seed 1985 Southern Arizona, USA - 26.1 120.2 ± 0.4 AA6694 Douglas Fir Tree ring 1985 Santa Catalina Mountains, - 25.0 Arizona, USA d 123.8 ± 0.8 1985 (weighted average) 120.9 ± 0.4 AA6696 Douglas Fir Tree ring 1987 Santa Catalina Mountains, - 25.0 Arizona, USA d 119.6 ± 0.8 AA11845 Cotton Seed 1992 Southern Arizona, USA - 27.2 114.0 ± 0.6 — e Tree ring 1998 Arizona, USA 110.0 ± 0.7 aWhenever there is more than one sample in an individual year, first a weighted average for samples from the same sample material (Douglas fir or cottonseeds) was made. These sample-material averages were then combined in a weighted average to give the final result for the respective year. Since most calibration programs use conventional 14C ages as input, for the convenience of reader we give the formula to convert pMC values into 14C age T: 14 C Dating of Post Bomb Peat Archives 503 T – 8033 Ln pMC = × æ ------------ ö è 100 ø All the bomb-pulse data will then result in negative ages. We know that there is some reluctance in the 14C community to use negative 14C ages, but we think they might be a suited extension of the pre-bomb calibration curve into the bomb and post-bomb period without changing units. Note that the conventional positive 14C ages are also not “true” ages but only a quite arbitrary though unambiguous mathematical transformation of the 14C activity of the sample, which is still kept for historical reasons. Furthermore using 1950 as a reference year is not based on physical/natural parameters but also just a convention. By using negative 14C ages one would avoid to publish 14C datings before 1950 in yrs BP, whereas they have to be given as pMC or 14C afterwards. bDouglas Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii); Cotton (Gossypium species) cpMC (percent Modern Carbon ) = ( 14C concentration of the sample)/(0.95 × Oxalic Acid I 14C concentration) × 100. Both 14C concentrations are d 13C corrected and refer to the same year. dA d 13C of - 25.0 was assumed for all Douglas Fir samples e Private communication by D Donahue
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Submitted to Atmospheric Environmen
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1. Introduction Mercury in the atmo
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For all flux measurements, heating
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esponse switching valves supplied b
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3.1 RGM flux measurements The resul
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estimating for Alert an average spr
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References 1. Businger J.A. and Onc
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Table captions Table 1. RGM mass ra
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Figure 2. RGM pg m-3 350 300 250 20
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Table 2 DAYHOURMON avg.temp avg.WS
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Fate of Mercury in the Arctic Paper
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FIGURE 1. Schematic diagram of the
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mass flow controller to 10 L/min an
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FIGURE 3. Trends in Hg 0 (upper plo
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FIGURE 6. Trends in several Hg spec
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FIGURE 7. Spatial patterns in month
Page 179 and 180: (51) Ebinghaus, R.; Kock, H. H.; Te
Page 181 and 182: The fate of elemental mercury in Ar
Page 183 and 184: Ozone was measured with an UV absor
Page 185 and 186: demonstrating that BrO and ClO with
Page 187 and 188: In the model the removal of GEM lea
Page 189 and 190: 15. Kemp, K. and Wåhlin, P. Applic
Page 191 and 192: GEM, ng/m 3 Fig 3. GEM against ozon
Page 194 and 195: Fig. 6 Comparison of measured surfa
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Page 198 and 199: Introduction The perennial oxidatio
Page 200 and 201: Ariya et al. (11) have shown recent
Page 202 and 203: Table 1 lists the binding energies
Page 204 and 205: and a classical densities of states
Page 206 and 207: The third point demonstrated in Fig
Page 208 and 209: 7. Lamborg, C. H.; Fitzgerald, W.;
Page 210 and 211: Figure 1. k rec / cm 3 molecule -1
Page 214 and 215: Asian Chemistry Letters vol. XX, No
Page 224 and 225: 496 M E Goodsite et al. In the pres
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Page 258 and 259: ABSTRACT Mercury concentrations are
Page 260 and 261: INTRODUCTION Atmospheric pollution
Page 262 and 263: and the relative importance of natu
Page 264 and 265: corresponding to the alkaline igneo
Page 266 and 267: edges cut off the slices were dried
Page 268 and 269: Age dating using 14 C Plant macrofo
Page 270 and 271: espectively (Naucke et al., 1993).
Page 272 and 273: 200 was in the range 1 to 3 :g/m 2
Page 274 and 275: unpublished data for these paramete
Page 276 and 277: leachable fraction, and 32.1 µg/g
Page 278 and 279: indicator of the concentration of a
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caused by the introduction of gasol
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porewaters reveals the influence of
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For example, Hg may become adsorbed
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of the GL profile. Comparison with
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further improve our knowledge of pr
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which are derived from them. In con
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are grateful to
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Bindler, R. (2003) Estimating the n
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of Southern Denmark. Goodsite, M.E.
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MacKenzie AB, Farmer JG, Sugden CL.
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Schroeder, W.H. and Munthe, J. (199
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Table 1. AMS 14 C dating of plant m
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Table 3. Pb isotope data of leachat
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esidual fractions of the “B” co
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Depth (cm) Depth (cm) a b 0 -10 -20
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Hg accumulation rate (µg/m2/yr) 10
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Depth (cm) a Pb/Zr = UCC Depth (cm)
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Depth (cm) a Depth (cm) b 0 -10 -20
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Depth (cm) Depth (cm) a b 0 -10 -20
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Saturday, 28 December 2002 (Revised
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INTRODUCTION Recent research utiliz
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In addition, the coring system incl
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and testing prior to the Carey Isla
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Development of thi
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Fig. 5. The stainless steel (AISI 3
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Fig. 2. 13
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Fig. 4. 15
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Fig. 6. 17
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FATE OF MERCURY IN THE ARCTIC Michael Evan ... - COGCI

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