FATE OF MERCURY IN THE ARCTIC Michael Evan ... - COGCI

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504 M E Goodsite et al. annual resolution, b) the curve provides consistent, carefully checked data covering the whole bomb pulse till now, c) most of the data used for constructing this curve are widely used among the 14 C community (see Levin et al. 1997 for the 14 CO 2 data from Vermunt, Austria), and d) differences to the other extratropical northern hemisphere curves shown in Figure 1 generally result only in calibrated age differences of 1–2 years as stated in the previous section. For calibration no uncertainties were assumed for our NNH curve. If not otherwise stated, all the calibrated 14 C ages in the Tables and Figures of this paper are given as 95%-confidence intervals (often denoted as “2-s intervals”). The Peat Cores from Greenland and Denmark Figures 2 and 3 and Table 2 show our results on plant material from the two peat cores Storelungmose in Denmark and Tasiusaq in Greenland. Both 14 C and modelled 210 Pb results are given. 14 C Dating Regarding the 14 C measurements in the Greenland core (see Figure 2 and Table 2), one can see two important features: first, dating of samples from the peat surface gives results that are consistent with the year of the sampling, and second, the sample with the maximum 14 C content (AAR-5626) of 179.1 ± 0.8 pMC shows rather good agreement with the maximum of the calibration curve of 184.0 pMC. The peak value in our data from the Greenland core corresponds also well to the D 14 C value of (776 ± 8)‰, i.e. (178.2 ± 0.8) pMC, measured in a grass sample from Narsaq, the very same peninsula where our peat samples come from, in July 1963 (Tauber 1967). Since no significant natural enrichment process for 14 C is known, this agreement between the peak value in our Greenland core and the atmospheric record cannot be just coincidence but ensures that we have no significant dampening for the Greenland peat core. This is in contrast to results of Jungner et al. (1995) who measured 14 C in peat hummocks, i.e. raised surfaces on the peat land as opposed to “hollows”, from central and eastern Finland (61°N and 62°N, respectively) using AMS on well defined stems of Sphagnum fuscum moss. For the peat core from central Finland the maximum 14 C value in the cellulose fraction of a moss sample representing a single-year fraction shows a D 14 C of (660 ± 13)‰, i.e. (166.4 ± 1.3) pMC, a moss sample from the eastern Finland peat core representing a 3–5 yr average yielded a value as low as (564 ± 11)‰, i.e. (156.8 ± 1.1) pMC. Jungner et al. (1995) inferred that this effect was due to CO 2 emitted from decaying layers below the surface (i.e. older layers). An alternative explanation might be that the samples showing maximum 14 C content do not represent the bomb-pulse maximum. Regarding the 14 C measurements in the Denmark core (see Figure 2 and Table 2), one also can see two important features: First, dating of samples from the peat surface gives results that are consistent with the year of the sampling, which is similar to the Greenland core, and second, the sample with the maximum 14 C content (AAR-5614) of 152.7 ± 0.8 pMC clearly does not agree with the maximum of the calibration curve of 184.0 pMC. More samples between 2.5 and 8.5 cm depth have to be dated in the near future to find out whether we so far just missed the peak of the bomb-pulse or whether there is significant dampening in the Denmark core, which we cannot exclude so far. Preliminary results of additional determinations are now available for Denmark and Greenland. A macrofossil from 9.5 cm from the Danish core (AAR-6860) has a pMC of 176.8 ± 0.7, which approaches the expected maximum and additional samples above and below the maximum support a well developed curve. Therefore we originally just missed the peak of the bomb-pulse and no significant dampening is seen in the Danish core.
Table 2a Sample specifications, 13C values and 14C AMS datings of carefully selected and processed macrofossils from the peat cores from the Storelungmose, Denmark, and Tasiusaq, Greenland—Macrofossils from the Storelung Mose, Ståby, Fyn, Denmark (55°15.384¢ N, 10°15.336¢ E) Calibrated age ranges (yr AD) (95% confidence intervals) pMC b d 13C (‰) a Depth (cm) Lab nr (AAR–) Sample species Specification 14 C Dating of Post Bomb Peat Archives 505 5611 Andromeda sp. Fresh leaves 0c - 27.5 111.36 ± 0.54 1957 1995–1999 5612 Leucobryum sp. Branches and leaves 000.5 - 26.1 111.31 ± 0.61 1957 1995–1999 5613 Leucobryum sp. Branches and leaves 002.5 - 26.8 115.84 ± 0.65 1958 1989–1992 5614 Leucobryum sp. Branches and leaves 008.5 - 24.3 152.68 ± 0.76 1963 1970–1971 6612 Sphagnum sp. Leaves 010.5 - 23.0 136.99 ± 0.74 1962 1975–1976 6613 Sphagnum sp. Leaves 011.5 - 24.0 123.68 ± 0.65 1959–1961 1982–1984 6614 Sphagnum sp. Leaves 012.5 - 23.6 127.09 ± 0.67 1962 1980–1981 6615 Sphagnum sp. Leaves and stems 013.5 - 24.3 109.74 ± 0.65 1957 1995–1999 5615 Leucobryum sp. Branches and leaves 014.5 - 24.7 120.19 ± 0.55 1958; 1960 1984–1987 5616 Leucobryum sp. Branches and leaves 015.5 - 25.7 120.58 ± 0.56 1958–1961 1984–1987 5617 Cyperaceae Leaves 016.5 - 27.0 100.12 ± 0.53 1693–1726; 1813–1850 1862–1918; 1951–1956 5618 Sphagnum sp. Branches and leaves 018.5 - 24.2 99.43 ± 0.49 1687–1729; 1810–1923 1950–1955 5619 Sphagnum sp. Branches (?) and leaves 078.5 - 24.5 68.39 ± 0.38 1425–1424 BC; 1412–1211 BC 1201–1192 BC; 1179–1163 BC 1141–1132 BC ad 13C values have been measured by Árny E Sveimsbjörnsdóttir, Science Institute, the University of Iceland bSee Table 1 for definition cThese samples were taken from slightly above ground and correspond to the Hg concentrations values at negative depths shown in Figure 4
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Submitted to Atmospheric Environmen
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1. Introduction Mercury in the atmo
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For all flux measurements, heating
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esponse switching valves supplied b
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3.1 RGM flux measurements The resul
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estimating for Alert an average spr
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References 1. Businger J.A. and Onc
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Table captions Table 1. RGM mass ra
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Figure 2. RGM pg m-3 350 300 250 20
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Table 2 DAYHOURMON avg.temp avg.WS
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Fate of Mercury in the Arctic Paper
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FIGURE 1. Schematic diagram of the
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mass flow controller to 10 L/min an
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FIGURE 3. Trends in Hg 0 (upper plo
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FIGURE 6. Trends in several Hg spec
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FIGURE 7. Spatial patterns in month
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(51) Ebinghaus, R.; Kock, H. H.; Te
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Page 183 and 184: Ozone was measured with an UV absor
Page 185 and 186: demonstrating that BrO and ClO with
Page 187 and 188: In the model the removal of GEM lea
Page 189 and 190: 15. Kemp, K. and Wåhlin, P. Applic
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Page 194 and 195: Fig. 6 Comparison of measured surfa
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Page 198 and 199: Introduction The perennial oxidatio
Page 200 and 201: Ariya et al. (11) have shown recent
Page 202 and 203: Table 1 lists the binding energies
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Page 206 and 207: The third point demonstrated in Fig
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Page 210 and 211: Figure 1. k rec / cm 3 molecule -1
Page 214 and 215: Asian Chemistry Letters vol. XX, No
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Page 258 and 259: ABSTRACT Mercury concentrations are
Page 260 and 261: INTRODUCTION Atmospheric pollution
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Page 268 and 269: Age dating using 14 C Plant macrofo
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porewaters reveals the influence of
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For example, Hg may become adsorbed
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of the GL profile. Comparison with
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further improve our knowledge of pr
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which are derived from them. In con
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are grateful to
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Bindler, R. (2003) Estimating the n
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of Southern Denmark. Goodsite, M.E.
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MacKenzie AB, Farmer JG, Sugden CL.
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Schroeder, W.H. and Munthe, J. (199
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Table 1. AMS 14 C dating of plant m
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Table 3. Pb isotope data of leachat
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esidual fractions of the “B” co
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Depth (cm) Depth (cm) a b 0 -10 -20
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Hg accumulation rate (µg/m2/yr) 10
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Depth (cm) a Pb/Zr = UCC Depth (cm)
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Depth (cm) a Depth (cm) b 0 -10 -20
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Depth (cm) Depth (cm) a b 0 -10 -20
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Saturday, 28 December 2002 (Revised
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INTRODUCTION Recent research utiliz
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In addition, the coring system incl
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and testing prior to the Carey Isla
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Development of thi
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Fig. 5. The stainless steel (AISI 3
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Fig. 2. 13
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Fig. 4. 15
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Fig. 6. 17
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FATE OF MERCURY IN THE ARCTIC Michael Evan ... - COGCI

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