FATE OF MERCURY IN THE ARCTIC Michael Evan ... - COGCI

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and the relative importance of natural versus anthropogenic sources to such remote areas has aroused controversy (Rasmussen, 1994; Fitzgerald et al., 1997). To address this problem, we measured Hg concentration profiles in mires from Greenland and Denmark which have been accumulating peat for more than 3000 years (Goodsite, 2000). In fact, the south Greenland site is sub-Arctic but, the core collected here is of special importance because the past 50 years of peat accumulation has been precisely dated with 14 C using the “atmospheric bomb pulse” (Goodsite et al., 2002); this offers the promise of a detailed reconstruction of recent changes. As the peat profile from Denmark was also age dated using the same, high precision approach (Goodsite et al., 2002), it was also included in our study for comparison. To compare with Hg, we have also studied Pb, which is transported primarily in the fine (sub-micron) aerosol fraction (Puxbaum, 1991). Several characteristics of Pb render this element a particularly useful tracer for studying atmospheric deposition of trace metals and organic contaminants. First, it is known to be well preserved in ombrotrophic bogs (Vile et al., 1995, 1999; Shotyk et al., 1996, 1997; MacKenzie et al., 1997, 1998; Weiss et al., 1999a,b), with bogs recording Pb chronologies which are comparable with lake sediment archives (Bränvall et al., 1997; Cortizas et al., 1997; Farmer et al., 1997; Norton et al., 1997) and historical records of ancient Pb mining (Kempter et al., 1997; Kempter and Frenzel, 1999, 2000). Second, long- term changes in the environmental pollution record of this element in Europe is comparatively well established (e.g. Shotyk et al., 1998, 2001, 2003). Third, Pb has a number of radiogenic isotopes which can be used to “fingerprint” the predominant sources of atmospheric pollutants (Kober et al., 1999; Bollhöfer and Rosman, 2001; Flament et al., 2002; Reuer and Weiss, 2002). Finally, we also measured As as this element is commonly enriched in coal (Bouska, 1981; Valkovic, 1983; Swaine, 1990). METHODS 6
Description of the peat deposits The two peatlands studied are distinctly different with respect to hydrology, geochemistry and trophic status: an acidic (pH 4) ombrotrophic bog in Denmark contrasts strongly with a circumneutral (pH 7) minerotrophic fen in Greenland. The peatland near the village of Tasiusaq in southern Greenland (GL) is a small, confined subarctic fen on the Narsaq peninusla (61 o 08.314` N, 45 o 33.703` W) of southern Greenland (Fig. 1). The average annual temperature and rainfall at Narsarsuaq airport (opposite the fjord) were 0.9 o C and 615 mm, respectively, from 1961 to 1990 (Danish Meteorological Institute, Technical Report 00-18). The site was cored in September 1999, towards the end of the growing season. Representative plant species and photos of the fen as well as the general area are given elsewhere (Goodsite, 2000). The maximum thickness of peat accumulation is ca. 1 m. The basal material is predominately clay, with aquatic plant species dominating the deepest 10 cm of peat accumulation (W.O. van der Knaap, University of Berne, personal communication); ascending from this zone, the peat consists predominately of mosses. The fen developed between two small lakes, and may have formed through the terrestrialization of a shallow lake basin. A small brook, ca. 1m wide and 1 m deep, runs through the fen, connecting the lakes. Topographically the mire is in a valley between steep mountains - but there was no visual indication that the peat deposit may have formed from a landslide. The fen surface today is characterized by small hummocks (20 to 40 cm high), and the ground is very spongy. The bedrock geology of this part of S. Greenland belongs to the Qassiarsuk complex which consists of a sequence of alkaline silicate tuffs and extrusive carbonatites interlayered with sandstones and their subvolcanic equivalents (Andersen, 1997). This complex is located in a roughly E-W trending graben structure between the village of Qassiarsuk and the settlement of Tasiusaq in the northern part of the Precambrian Gardar rift. Uranium mineralisations 7
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Submitted to Atmospheric Environmen
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1. Introduction Mercury in the atmo
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For all flux measurements, heating
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esponse switching valves supplied b
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3.1 RGM flux measurements The resul
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estimating for Alert an average spr
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References 1. Businger J.A. and Onc
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Table captions Table 1. RGM mass ra
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Figure 2. RGM pg m-3 350 300 250 20
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Table 2 DAYHOURMON avg.temp avg.WS
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FIGURE 1. Schematic diagram of the
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mass flow controller to 10 L/min an
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FIGURE 3. Trends in Hg 0 (upper plo
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FIGURE 6. Trends in several Hg spec
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FIGURE 7. Spatial patterns in month
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(51) Ebinghaus, R.; Kock, H. H.; Te
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The fate of elemental mercury in Ar
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Ozone was measured with an UV absor
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demonstrating that BrO and ClO with
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In the model the removal of GEM lea
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15. Kemp, K. and Wåhlin, P. Applic
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GEM, ng/m 3 Fig 3. GEM against ozon
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Fig. 6 Comparison of measured surfa
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Introduction The perennial oxidatio
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Ariya et al. (11) have shown recent
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Table 1 lists the binding energies
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and a classical densities of states
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The third point demonstrated in Fig
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7. Lamborg, C. H.; Fitzgerald, W.;
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Figure 1. k rec / cm 3 molecule -1
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Page 214 and 215: Asian Chemistry Letters vol. XX, No
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Page 230 and 231: 502 M E Goodsite et al. Table 1 14C
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Page 258 and 259: ABSTRACT Mercury concentrations are
Page 260 and 261: INTRODUCTION Atmospheric pollution
Page 264 and 265: corresponding to the alkaline igneo
Page 266 and 267: edges cut off the slices were dried
Page 268 and 269: Age dating using 14 C Plant macrofo
Page 270 and 271: espectively (Naucke et al., 1993).
Page 272 and 273: 200 was in the range 1 to 3 :g/m 2
Page 274 and 275: unpublished data for these paramete
Page 276 and 277: leachable fraction, and 32.1 µg/g
Page 278 and 279: indicator of the concentration of a
Page 280 and 281: caused by the introduction of gasol
Page 282 and 283: porewaters reveals the influence of
Page 284 and 285: For example, Hg may become adsorbed
Page 286 and 287: of the GL profile. Comparison with
Page 288 and 289: further improve our knowledge of pr
Page 290 and 291: which are derived from them. In con
Page 292 and 293: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are grateful to
Page 294 and 295: Bindler, R. (2003) Estimating the n
Page 296 and 297: of Southern Denmark. Goodsite, M.E.
Page 298 and 299: MacKenzie AB, Farmer JG, Sugden CL.
Page 300 and 301: Schroeder, W.H. and Munthe, J. (199
Page 302 and 303: Table 1. AMS 14 C dating of plant m
Page 304 and 305: Table 3. Pb isotope data of leachat
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Page 309 and 310: Depth (cm) Depth (cm) a b 0 -10 -20
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Depth (cm) a Pb/Zr = UCC Depth (cm)
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Depth (cm) a Depth (cm) b 0 -10 -20
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Depth (cm) Depth (cm) a b 0 -10 -20
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Saturday, 28 December 2002 (Revised
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INTRODUCTION Recent research utiliz
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In addition, the coring system incl
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and testing prior to the Carey Isla
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Development of thi
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Fig. 5. The stainless steel (AISI 3
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Fig. 2. 13
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Fig. 4. 15
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Fig. 6. 17
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FATE OF MERCURY IN THE ARCTIC Michael Evan ... - COGCI

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