FATE OF MERCURY IN THE ARCTIC Michael Evan ... - COGCI

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Asian Chemistry Letters vol. XX, No 1 (2003) XX-XX GEM, ng/m3 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 14-maj-00 3-jul-00 22-aug-00 11-okt-00 30-nov-00 Time Figure 1 GEM concentrations at Faroe Islands from May 2000 to March 2001. Values are 1 hour averages. The model calculations of daily average Hg 0 concentrations together with measured daily average GEM concentrations are shown in Figure 2. Two scenario calculations were carried out; one with mercury depletion episodes (MDE) in the Arctic and one without. The calculated concentrations without MDE are close to a constant level of 1.6 ng/m 3 throughout the period. The results of the calculations with MDE show a decrease in April and June from about 1.4 ng/m 3 without MDE and to 1.0 ng/m 3 with MDE. 4
Asian Chemistry Letters vol. XX, No 1 (2003) XX-XX GEM, ng/m 3 5 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 Modelled values with MDE Measured values Modelled values without MDE 0 01-maj-00 20-jun-00 09-aug-00 28-sep-00 17-nov-00 Day 06-jan-01 25-feb-01 16-apr-01 05-jun-01 Figure 2 Comparison of daily mean GEM concentrations at Faroe Islands measured by a TEKRAN Hg analyser and Hg 0 obtained by DEHM. Modelled values reflect two scenarios: concentrations with a springtime Arctic Mercury Depletion Event (MDE) and another without MDE. 6. Discussion The measurements of GEM on the Faroe Islands are comparable in magnitude with the levels in 1999 from Mace Head on the west coast of Ireland 7 and with the values from Harwell an inland location in southern England in June 1995 to May 1996 15 . The average concentrations at the three localities are 1.68 ng/m 3 at Mace Head, 1.7 ng/m 3 at Harwell and 1.4 ng/m 3 on the Faroe Islands. The largest average concentration levels at Harwell and at Mace Head are practically identical, with the concentrations on Faroe Islands somewhat smaller. It is generally believed that the background concentration of mercury in the Northern Hemisphere is about 1.5 ng/m 3 and fairly constant. The concentrations at Mace Head are fairly constant for westerly winds; concentrations are generally elevated when air masses come from Europe. At Harwell the measurements are much more affected by local sources. The concentrations on the Faroe Islands vary much more abruptly, which normally indicates problems with the instrument, e.g., due to passivation of the gold traps. Therefore the central question is if the measurements on Faroe Islands reflect the actual ambient concentrations or if they are influenced by sensor interference. Ref. 7 mentioned passivation of the gold traps as a measurement problem at Mace Head caused by sea spray. The TEKRAN manual notes that low values are generally due to trap passivation since a passified gold trap has a less active surface area for capturing Hg. A similar complication could be the reason for the relative low values at Faroe Islands. However 15 reported similar low values at the inland station where sea spray should be of minor importance. 5
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Submitted to Atmospheric Environmen
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1. Introduction Mercury in the atmo
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For all flux measurements, heating
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esponse switching valves supplied b
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3.1 RGM flux measurements The resul
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estimating for Alert an average spr
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References 1. Businger J.A. and Onc
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Table captions Table 1. RGM mass ra
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Figure 2. RGM pg m-3 350 300 250 20
Page 165 and 166: Table 2 DAYHOURMON avg.temp avg.WS
Page 167 and 168: Fate of Mercury in the Arctic Paper
Page 169 and 170: FIGURE 1. Schematic diagram of the
Page 171 and 172: mass flow controller to 10 L/min an
Page 173 and 174: FIGURE 3. Trends in Hg 0 (upper plo
Page 175 and 176: FIGURE 6. Trends in several Hg spec
Page 177 and 178: FIGURE 7. Spatial patterns in month
Page 179 and 180: (51) Ebinghaus, R.; Kock, H. H.; Te
Page 181 and 182: The fate of elemental mercury in Ar
Page 183 and 184: Ozone was measured with an UV absor
Page 185 and 186: demonstrating that BrO and ClO with
Page 187 and 188: In the model the removal of GEM lea
Page 189 and 190: 15. Kemp, K. and Wåhlin, P. Applic
Page 191 and 192: GEM, ng/m 3 Fig 3. GEM against ozon
Page 194 and 195: Fig. 6 Comparison of measured surfa
Page 198 and 199: Introduction The perennial oxidatio
Page 200 and 201: Ariya et al. (11) have shown recent
Page 202 and 203: Table 1 lists the binding energies
Page 204 and 205: and a classical densities of states
Page 206 and 207: The third point demonstrated in Fig
Page 208 and 209: 7. Lamborg, C. H.; Fitzgerald, W.;
Page 210 and 211: Figure 1. k rec / cm 3 molecule -1
Page 214 and 215: Asian Chemistry Letters vol. XX, No
Page 224 and 225: 496 M E Goodsite et al. In the pres
Page 226 and 227: 498 M E Goodsite et al. Figure 1 Th
Page 228 and 229: 500 M E Goodsite et al. observed a
Page 230 and 231: 502 M E Goodsite et al. Table 1 14C
Page 232 and 233: 504 M E Goodsite et al. annual reso
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Page 240 and 241: 512 M E Goodsite et al. Figure 4 Hg
Page 242 and 243: 514 M E Goodsite et al. Koenig B, L
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Page 258 and 259: ABSTRACT Mercury concentrations are
Page 260 and 261: INTRODUCTION Atmospheric pollution
Page 262 and 263: and the relative importance of natu
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edges cut off the slices were dried
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Age dating using 14 C Plant macrofo
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espectively (Naucke et al., 1993).
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200 was in the range 1 to 3 :g/m 2
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unpublished data for these paramete
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leachable fraction, and 32.1 µg/g
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indicator of the concentration of a
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caused by the introduction of gasol
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porewaters reveals the influence of
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For example, Hg may become adsorbed
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of the GL profile. Comparison with
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further improve our knowledge of pr
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which are derived from them. In con
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are grateful to
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Bindler, R. (2003) Estimating the n
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of Southern Denmark. Goodsite, M.E.
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MacKenzie AB, Farmer JG, Sugden CL.
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Schroeder, W.H. and Munthe, J. (199
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Table 1. AMS 14 C dating of plant m
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Table 3. Pb isotope data of leachat
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esidual fractions of the “B” co
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Depth (cm) Depth (cm) a b 0 -10 -20
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Hg accumulation rate (µg/m2/yr) 10
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Depth (cm) a Pb/Zr = UCC Depth (cm)
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Depth (cm) a Depth (cm) b 0 -10 -20
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Depth (cm) Depth (cm) a b 0 -10 -20
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Saturday, 28 December 2002 (Revised
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INTRODUCTION Recent research utiliz
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In addition, the coring system incl
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and testing prior to the Carey Isla
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Development of thi
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Fig. 5. The stainless steel (AISI 3
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Fig. 2. 13
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Fig. 4. 15
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Fig. 6. 17
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FATE OF MERCURY IN THE ARCTIC Michael Evan ... - COGCI

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