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504 IndexBrainWise program (continued)description of, 422–423family-based intervention in, 435learning optimization in, 428–42910 Wise Ways, 429tterminology of, 421testing instruments in, 431, 433t, 435fBSID-11. See Bayley scales of infantdevelopmentBucharest Early Intervention Project(BEIP)findings, 204–209foster care interventions in, 203–204study parameters, 200–204catecholamines, 477catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT),157–158caudate nucleus, 478cDNA array, 478central amygdala (CeA), 249–250, 255fcerebellum, 19–20, 478cerebral hemispheresin language functions, 445–446limbic regulation of, 95–96maturation asymmetry in, 92object relations and, 93–95personality and, 91in self-regulation, 92cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), 479Child Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ),404childhood abuse, 351–352, 469. See alsomaltreatmentcholinergic transmission, 478chromatin, 104, 105f, 478chromosome 22q11 deletion syndrome,407–408Citalopram, 272–273, 275Clozapine, 272cocaineage at first use of, 389feffect on reward processing system, 391prenatal exposure to, 380, 382cognitive competencies, 297, 347–377,425cognitive control tasks, 376cognitive development, 295–298cognitive flexibility, in resilience, 355–356cognitive reappraisal, 355cognitive regulation node, in SIPN, 227,464cognitive stimulation, 380, 381–384cognitive stimulation composite, 382–383cognitive styles, 291–292cognitive vulnerability-stress model ofdepressionbrain and cognitive developmentcontext in, 295–298description of, 286–288, 287fevidence for, 288–292gender differences in, 292–295genetic context of, 298–301maltreatment in, 294–295negative cognitive style in, 290peer feedback in, 295preventive implications of, 301–303self-regulatory context, 289–290Cognitive Vulnerability to Depression(CVD) Project, 288–289cold exposure, chronic, 252Columbine shootings, 430commisuratomy, 478competence. See also resiliencecascade models, 37common cause models, 35–36definition of, 33intervention strategies, 37–38mental disorders in undermining, 36–37scaffolding, 34standards for, 34COMT gene, 407–408conditioned responses, in amygdalaprefrontal cortical circuit, 250–251conflict resolution exercise, 409consciousness, peer relationships inorigins of, 97–98consolidation, 478constitutional vulnerability, 465–468coping strategiesacceptance as, 355–356facing fears, 358–359moral compass as, 356–357physical exercise, 359–360social support as, 360–361coping style, active, 357–358core psychological feature, 224corpus collosum, 478cortical data analysis, 62f