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508 Indexhypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG)axis, 19hypothetical thinking, 297–298inbreeding, emigration as strategy against,11incentive motivation, 20indiscriminate friendliness, 139, 211n1individuation of selfmutuality in, 97object relations in, 88–89self-regulation in, 89–91sexual maturation in, 86–87inhibitory control, 449inhibitory control exercise, 409institutionalization. See also BucharestEarly Intervention ProjectADHD and, 208–209deprivation studies on, 198–199developmental psychopathology and,208–209developmental quotient and, 206f,210event-related potentials and, 206–207HPA axis and, 138–140psychopathology and, 208–209stess-emotion system and, 138–140vs. non-institutionalization,204–205intelligence quotientheritability of, 378lead exposure and, 379of mother, 383internal capsule, 482interneuron, 482intervention programs. See alsoBrainWise program; BucharestEarly Intervention Project;preventionattention training, 406–413evidence-based, 422–423family-based, 435preventive, 451, 453–455intracerebroventricular (ICV), 482intracranial self-stimulation, 482ischemia prevention, 329kindling theory, 316, 317fantikindling medications, 330language system, 375, 445–446lead exposure, 379learned association, 349learned helplessness, 358learned optimism, 427licking/grooming behavior, 152–153, 350life-course-persistent antisocial behavior,447ligand, 482limbic motives, hemispheric elaborationof, 95–96limbic system, 443–444, 467–478,483Lithium, 326, 330lobar region definition studies, 57locus coeruleus, in stress circuitry, 128,129f, 152, 246longitudinal research, 449–450long-term potentiation (LTP), 483maladaptive thoughts, 362maltreatmentdepression and, 292, 294–295hippocampal volume and, 351interventions for, 468–470as traumatic event, 351–352marijuana use, 389f, 393, 394fmaternal careattentional systems programming and,156–158effect on development, 154–155effect on gene expression, 133, 153–154, 160–161environmental regulation of, 158–160licking/grooming behavior, 152–153,350nursing behavior, 152–153, 350offspring stress response developmentand, 134–140, 152–153oxytocin in, 177in stress reactivity regulation, 158in synaptic development, 155tactile stimulation by, 154–155maternal depression, 137–138maternal intelligence, 383maternal substance abuse, 379–380medial prefrontal cortex, 156–157medial preoptic area (MPOA), 483mediators, 483