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Index 505cortical pattern matching (CPM), 56advantages of, 59–60attention deficit/hyperactivity disorderand, 77, 78, 79fbrain growth using, 64–66fetal alcohol syndrome and, 72, 76gray matter change using, 64nonlinear gray matter using, 66–68sulcal asymmetries using, 61, 63f, 64cortical thicknessannualized rate of change, 73fbrain-behavior maps for vocabulary, 75fimaging of, 78cortical thickness maps, 71fcorticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF),128, 151, 247, 258, 478cortisol levelsin behavior modulation, 455definition of, 478effects of antipsychotics on, 272–273hippocampal volume and, 267by medication status, 275freceptor mediation of, 266in stress situations, 134–136CPM. See cortical pattern matchingcrack babies, 380Crowell procedure, 202cyclothymia, 479DAT1 gene, 415D-cycloserine, 363declarative memory, 479decussation, 479defensive burying paradigm, 153delayed gratification, 377, 405delinquency, 446–447dementia, 266dentate gyrus, 269depolarization, 479depressionin bipolar disorder presentation, 320cognitive vulnerability-stress model ofbrain and cognitive developmentcontext in, 295–298description of, 286–288, 287fevidence for, 288–292gender differences in, 292–295genetic context of, 298–301maltreatment in, 294–295negative cognitive style in, 290peer feedback in, 295preventive implications of, 301–303self-regulatory context, 289–290CVD project on, 288–289ethnic differences in, 285familial modeling of, 291–292gender differences in, 285, 292–295genetic context of, 298–300learned helplessness in, 358maltreatment and, 292maternal, 137–138models of, 286, 287fnegative cognitive styles and, 290–291neuropeptides in, 186–187nicotine use and, 390prevalence of, 284prevention of, 301–303religion in remission of, 356SSRIs in treatment of, 298–299deprivation studies, 197–199detection node, in SIPN, 226, 464developmental psychopathologydefinition of, 31in institutionalized children, 208–209developmental quotient, ininstitutionalized children, 206f, 210developmental tasks, 34dexamethasone challenge, 479d fenfluramine challenge, 479diffusion tensor imaging, 479distance from center (DFC) measure, 64,67fannualized rate of change, 74fdisturbances of attachment interview,202Divalproex, 331, 332D1-like receptor, 17, 249, 480D2-like receptor, 17, 249, 480DNA methylation, 113dopaminein amygdala regulation, 249in attentional systems programming,157definition of, 479in optimism, 354in pair-bond formation, 178in schizophrenia, 256fdopamine receptors, 479dopaminergic (DA) input, adolescentalterations to, 16–18