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Index 511dorsomedial (DMPFC), 226f, 233in executive function, 426gender differences in, 296gray matter decline in, 16in schizophrenia, 108, 255, 256fstress inoculation effect on, 352ventrolateral (VLPFC), 233ventromedial (VMPFC), 226f, 231–232, 234prefrontal cortex activation, 13–14prenatal stress, 160prenatal substance abuse, 379–380,382prepulse inhibition (PPI), 157, 408preschool age psychiatric assessment(PAPA), 208presynaptic cell, 486prevention. See also interventionprogramsof anxiety disorders, 236–237bipolar disorderpsychotherapeutic interventions,335–336relapse, 329of depression, 301–303of ischemia, 329research on, 450–452of schizophrenia, 113–115, 257–258of stress response, 140–141of substance abuse, 395preventive interventions, 453–455, 468–473prioritization process, 228prolonged exposure (PE) technique,359prodromal symptoms in schizophrenia,245Promoting Alternative ThinkingStrategies (PATH), 451–452promotor, 486propagule, 486prophylactic, 486pubertydepression surge in, 294gender differences in, 10–11hormonal activation, 10risk taking and, 11, 219putamen, 486pyramidal neuron, 486reactive attachment disorder, 211n4Receptive-expressive emergent language(REEL) scales, 201receptor, 487religious belief, in resilience, 356resilience. See also competencecognitive flexibility in, 355–356definition of, 32, 40, 348humor in, 354–355interventions in, 361–363moral compass in, 356–357patterns and models of, 40–41positive adaptation in, 39–40positive emotions in, 353–355predictors of, 41–42risk in, 39role models in, 360testing, 42–43transition periods in, 43–45response inhibition tasks, 14reversal potential, 487reward processing systems, 354, 377,391Reynell developmental language scalesIII, 201risk taking/novelty seeking, 11–12RNA interference, 113SAM. See Sympathetic-adrenal medullarysystemscaffolding, competence and, 34schizoid personality, 91schizophreniaamygdala stress effect in, 253–257executive attention and, 407gene deletion in, 407–408glucocorticoid levels in, 256glutamatergic dysfunction and, 110–112hippocampus and, 256–257, 268HPA axis in, 268–269interventions, 114–115pharmacological circumvention of,257–258effect on cortisol secretion, 272–273prefrontal cortical function and, 256fregional vulnerabilities in, 105–109synaptic proteins and, 109–110