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412 EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTIONSFigure 18-3 Pictures on the screen during attention training exercises. Visual attentionand conflict resolution exercises. A, matching-to-sample exercise: The child must selectthe picture on the brown board that matches the sample on the upper left corner. Matchingto sample difficulty is increased over the trials by making the competing pictures moresimilar. At advanced levels, the sample picture is removed from the screen and the childhas to memorize it in order to select the correct matching picture. B, conflict resolutionexercise: The child has to select the group with the most numbers in it. In congruent trials,like the one illustrated, the more numerous group is made up of numbers larger in value.In incongruent trials, the more numerous group is made up of numbers smaller in value.C, illustration of the visual feedback for completing a set of trials of equal difficulty. Seealso color insert.We present here a brief overview of our initial results. A complete account isgiven in Rueda, Rothbart, McCandliss, Saccomanno and Posner (2005). For thechild ANT, both 4- and 6-year old children showed better ability to resolve conflictafter training than children in the control group. However, the differencebetween groups did not reach statistical significance, reflecting the high variabilityin children’s performance at these ages. As we will discuss later, we have nowshown that a portion of that variability is likely due to genetic differences.We also found a significantly greater improvement in intelligence as measuredby the K-BIT in the experimental group compared to the control children. This