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Appendix AGlossaryShivali DhruvAcetylation A process that introduces an acetyl radical (CH3CO) to an organiccompound, occurring as a modification of proteins as part of the regulation of geneexpression.ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) A protein hormone of the anterior lobeof the pituitary gland that is part of the HPA stress response system, secreted inresponse to corticotropic releasing hormone (CRH), that stimulates the adrenalcortex to synthesize and release corticosteroids.Afferents Neurons or pathways that send signals to the CNS from the peripheryor a higher processing system.Alpha 2 adrenergic receptor A postsynaptic, excitatory receptor that respondsto binding of norepinephrine and epinephrine; activation causes various physiologicalreactions, including the stimulation of associated muscles and the constrictionof blood vessels.Amphetamine An amine (organic compound with a nitrogen containing functionalgroup) frequently abused as a stimulant of the central nervous system butused clinically, especially in the form of its sulfate, to treat attention deficit disorderand narcolepsy and formerly as a short-term appetite suppressant.475