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Index 509medications. See also specific drugsanticonvulsants, 329antidepressantsBDNF and, 326effects on cortisol secretion, 272,275fin PTSD treatment, 363antikindling properties of, 330antipsychoticsatypical, 477effect on cortisol secretion, 272–273, 275fHPA axis activation limitation and,258typical, 489barbiturates, 477benzodiazepines, 477in bipolar disorder treatment, 328–330inappropriate, 315–316effects on cortisol levels, 275fischemia prevention, 329stimulantsabuse of, 391effect on bipolar disorder, 316effect on cortisol levels, 275fin trauma treatment, 363memoryconsolidation of, 478declarative, 479encoding, 480entorhinal cortex in, 107social, 174working, 14, 297vs. long-term, 376memory system, 375mental disorders. See also specific disordersin competence failures, 36–37mesencephalic reticular activating system,483mesocortical DA predominance, 17, 20mesolimbic dopamine pathways, 354messenger RNA, 484metacognition, 443methylation, 113, 133, 483methylphenidate, 391–392, 483microcephaly, 483microgenesis, 483midbrain, 483mindfulness, 454mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs), 266mirtazapine, 273moderator, 484Monitoring the Future study, 388–389monoamines, 484monogamous social bonds, 174–175mood disorders. See bipolar disorder;depressionmoral compass, in resilience, 356–357Morris water maze, 156mortality, main sources of, 12mRNA, 484multiple intelligences theory, 428myelin sheath, 484N-acetylaspartate, 330neocortexdefinition of, 484synaptic pruning in, 12–15neurocognitive functionseffects of SES on, 374–377longitudinal research on, 449–450models of, 447–449in prevention research, 450–452in preventive interventions,453–455in social and emotional development,446–447neurogenesis, 330, 484neuroimagingadvantages of, 56applications of, 80–81on attention allocation, 232in bipolar disorder, 321–322cortical data analysis, 62fdiffusion tensor, 479uses of, 55neuropeptides. See also argininevasopressin; oxytocindefinition of, 484early exposure to, 183in labor inducement, 179sex differences in effects of, 181–184in social behavior, 176–178SSRIs and, 188neuropeptide Y (NPY), 352–353neuroplasticity, 484neurotoxin, 484neurotransmitter, 484