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512 Indexschizophrenia (continued)twin studies on, 268–269two-hit system of, 245–246, 255secure base, 94selective attention, 288selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors(SSRIs)in bipolar disorder treatment, 316cortisol secretion of, 272–273effect on depression, 298–299effect on neuropeptides, 188in PTSD treatment, 363selective social interactions, 174self-regulation. See also attentionregulationbrain systems in, 98–100challenges in, 96–97in depression model, 288disorders of, 89–91executive attention in, 404neural mechanisms of, 93separation anxiety disorder, 224–225sequencing abilities, 449serotonin, 487serotonin receptor, 356–357, 487serotonin transporterin bipolar disorder risk, 326definition of, 487in depression model, 298–299functional variations in, 142SES. See Socioeconomic statussexual maturationemigration and, 11HPA axis in, 270in individuation, 86–87signal transduction, 487SIPN. See social information processingnetworksmoking. See nicotine usesocial behaviorsanimal models for, 175antisocial, 447–449, 452environmental contexts of, 448‘handling’ paradigms and, 184–185neuropeptides in, 176–178oxytocin in, 173–174, 176–178, 360–361in social system context, 174–175verbal ability’s impact on, 445–446social development, 446–447social/emotional nurturance composite,383social information processing network(SIPN), 226–227, 464social learning theory, 428social memory, 174social monogamy, 174social self, 90social support, in resilience, 360–361socioeconomic status (SES)cognitive stimulation and, 380, 381–384measurement of, 373neurocognitive correlates ofcauses of, 378physical determinants, 379–380psychological determinants of, 380–381studies on, 374–375systems affected, 375–376reward processing system and, 377spatial cognition system, 375spatial resolution, 487spirituality, in resilience, 356–357stereotaxic region definition studies, 57steroid hormones, 270, 487stimulantsabuse of, 390–391effect on bipolar disorder, 316effect on cortisol levels, 275fstimulus discrimination exercise, 409stress and stress response. See alsocognitive vulnerability-stressmodel of depressionallostasis in adapting to, 348–349amygdala in, 251–253, 255fchronic cold exposure and, 252corticotropin-releasing hormone in,151–152early environment effect on, 350–352in early life, 149–151effect on hippocampus, 271–2725-HTTLPR in, 298–299gestational, 159–160maternal care in responses to, 152–153, 158neuropeptide Y response to, 352–353in postnatal maternal separation,350