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478 APPENDIX AcDNA array (complementary DNA array) A procedure used to identify DNAsamples in gene expression analyses; complementary DNA is synthesized from andcomplementary to a given RNA strand. A microarray uses a glass or plastic solidstructure, onto which single-stranded cDNA fragments attach and serve as probes.Cerebellum A brain structure that plays an important role in the integration ofsensory input and motor output, specifically involved in the learning of motor skillsand modulating force and range of movement.Cholinergic transmissionreleases acetylcholine.Synaptic transmission produced by a neuron thatChromatin A complex of nucleic acid and basic proteins (histones) in thenucleus of cells that is condensed into chromosomes. Packaging into a chromatinstructure constrains the size of the DNA molecule and allows the cell to controlthe expression of genes.Commisurotomy A surgical procedure used in epilepsy, severing the corpuscollosum and anterior commisure, to prevent spread of epilepsy to the unaffectedhemisphere.Consolidation The process by which recent memories are crystallized into longtermmemory; can refer to molecular consolidation, requiring protein synthesis,or network consolidation, as initial memory storage in the hippocampus is slowlymoved into the neocortex.Corpus collosum The largest commissure and white matter structure in the brain,connecting the two cerebral hemispheres; serves as the main communication routebetween the left and right halves of the brain.Corticotrophin releasing hormone/factor (CRH/CRF) A polypeptide hormoneand neurotransmitter secreted by the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamusthat regulates the release of ACTH by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.Cortisol A glucocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex uponstimulation by ACTH that mediates various metabolic processes, has antiinflammatoryand immunosuppressive properties, and is most importantly involved inthe stress response in human and nonhuman primates (in subprimates, the mainglucocorticoid hormone is corticosterone).CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) A clear bodily fluid that is secreted from blood intothe lateral ventricles of the brain and spinal chord; is involved in the mechanicalprotection of the brain, distribution of neuroendocrine factors, the facilitation of