wise use of mires and peatlands - Peatland Ecology Research Group

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16 GUIDE TO THE USE OF THE DOCUMENT●●●●●●●●●Do those concerned understand thedifferent types of conflicts or choiceswhich arise and have they identified thetype of ‘conflict’ which arises in thisparticular case?Is the proposed intervention positive forhuman beings and is the function to beprovided essential and non-substitutable.Will the proposed intervention ensure acontinuous supply of the function (forexample, peat for energy) and are thepeatlands affected abundant.Will the proposed intervention negativelyaffect other functions, and if so are thenegatively affected functions essential, arethey abundant or are they substitutable.Does the proposed intervention interferewith fundamental human rights, is itintended to satisfy needs or wants, will thebenefits be evenly distributed, and is it thebest available means to achieve the desiredend.Is the proposal clear and publiclycommunicated; will it produce greateradvantage then not intervening; will adecision be based on the best availableinformation, take into account effects onother entities, be limited to the minimumnecessary, be adapted to the characteristicsof the peatland, and respect ecologicalprocesses and habitats.Are the answers to the last set of questionsrelevant to the specific time and place ofthe proposed intervention.Is the proposed intervention affected byinternational law or international cooperativeinstruments.Is the proposed intervention regulated bypublic policy, national legislation, land-useplanning and environmental licensing. Are●●property rights protected and is thereprovision for rehabilitation of the peatlandafter use. Does the country have a policyto protect areas of environmentalimportance, and are there programmes ofeducation and awareness.Does the enterprise which will beresponsible for the proposed interventionbase its activities on commercial strategy,has it a good record of corporategovernance, does it employ cost-benefitanalysis in assessing proposals, has it inplace an environmental managementsystem, does it use the best availabletechnology to minimise environmentalimpact, and does it exploit productdiversification and alternatives whichwould reduce intervention in peatlands.Do those concerned appreciate theimportance of dialogue; that there is nosingle set of concepts or principles whichcan govern every situation; and it is notpossible to reduce all complexities to simpleprinciples or single measures.This framework should result in conflictsbeing resolved or options chosen with:●●●●●●●a knowledge of the relevant information onmires and peatlands and their functions;an understanding of relevant values;a knowledge of the type of conflict orchoice being faced;respect for the different points of viewinvolved;a knowledge of the effect of theintervention on the proposed function andon other functions;an awareness of the guidance principleswhich will govern the intervention; anda knowledge of the legal, regulatory andbusiness framework within which theintervention will be carried out.While such a framework cannot removevested interest or emotion from choices, it
GUIDE TO THE USE OF THE DOCUMENT17can provide a rational and inclusive basis fordeciding between different options.1The term ‘peatland’ includes mires. Where‘peatland’ is used on its own in this document it isunderstood to include ‘mire’.2‘Entity’ is used in this document as meaninganything which exists whether physically orconceptually (cf. Latin “ens”).3The attribution of monetary value to entities orservices which are not normally seen to have afinancial or commercial value.
Page 1 and 2: WISE USEOF MIRES AND PEATLANDS -BAC
Page 3 and 4: IMCG/IPS STATEMENT3CONTENTSGuide to
Page 5 and 6: IMCG/IPS STATEMENT5References .....
Page 7 and 8: IMCG/IPS STATEMENT7Peatlands are na
Page 9 and 10: IMCG/IPS STATEMENT9use of the peatl
Page 11 and 12: GUIDE TO THE USE OF THE DOCUMENT11a
Page 13 and 14: GUIDE TO THE USE OF THE DOCUMENT13A
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Page 19 and 20: INTRODUCTION19resources. These help
Page 21 and 22: INTRODUCTION211998 Peatlands Under
Page 23 and 24: INTRODUCTION23●●●●●●●
Page 25 and 26: MIRES AND PEATLANDS252.2 PEAT FORMA
Page 27 and 28: MIRES AND PEATLANDS27Table 2/1: Eco
Page 29 and 30: MIRES AND PEATLANDS29Figure 2/3: Hy
Page 31 and 32: MIRES AND PEATLANDS31peat formation
Page 33 and 34: MIRES AND PEATLANDS33Outside the tr
Page 35 and 36: MIRES AND PEATLANDS35decay in the c
Page 37 and 38: MIRES AND PEATLANDS37formed peat an
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Page 41 and 42: MIRES AND PEATLANDS41differs in thi
Page 43 and 44: MIRES AND PEATLANDS43Sieffermann et
Page 45 and 46: VALUES AND FUCTIONS OF MIRES AND PE
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VALUES AND FUCTIONS OF MIRES AND PE
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VALUES AND CONFLICTS: WHERE DIFFERE
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FRAMEWORK FOR WISE USE121This consi
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FRAMEWORK FOR WISE USE123Some examp
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FRAMEWORK FOR WISE USE1253. There i
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FRAMEWORK FOR WISE USE1278. The pri
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FRAMEWORK FOR WISE USE129(2) Intern
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FRAMEWORK FOR WISE USE131National p
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FRAMEWORK FOR WISE USE133(8) Educat
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FRAMEWORK FOR WISE USE135the manage
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FRAMEWORK FOR WISE USE137Does the e
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FRAMEWORK FOR WISE USE139well-being
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FRAMEWORK FOR WISE USE141This summa
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FRAMEWORK FOR WISE USE143knowledge
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FRAMEWORK FOR WISE USE145Surwold Me
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FRAMEWORK FOR WISE USE147Peatland-l
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FRAMEWORK FOR WISE USE149Marine tra
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FRAMEWORK FOR WISE USE151Bog prepar
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FRAMEWORK FOR WISE USE153Peat-fired
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FRAMEWORK FOR WISE USE155Cattle on
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FRAMEWORK FOR WISE USE157Pristine p
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FRAMEWORK FOR WISE USE159Fire on a
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FRAMEWORK FOR WISE USE16171See §§
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GLOSSARY OF CONCEPTS AND TERMS163Ba
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GLOSSARY OF CONCEPTS AND TERMS165De
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GLOSSARY OF CONCEPTS AND TERMS167Fo
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GLOSSARY OF CONCEPTS AND TERMS169In
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GLOSSARY OF CONCEPTS AND TERMS171No
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GLOSSARY OF CONCEPTS AND TERMS173Pi
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GLOSSARY OF CONCEPTS AND TERMS175So
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GLOSSARY OF CONCEPTS AND TERMS177Vo
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS179Lindsay, Richard
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS181International Pe
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APPENDICES183APPENDICES
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APPENDIX I185Original 2002 2002Coun
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APPENDIX I187Philippines 300,000 10
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APPENDIX I189Country Total area Pea
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APPENDIX I191Country Total area Pea
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APPENDIX I193The other important as
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APPENDIX 2195Region Methane emissio
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APPENDIX 2197A2.3 THE ROLE OF PEATL
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APPENDIX 21991200010000FensBogskg C
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APPENDIX 2201Total C in 10 9 gUndis
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APPENDIX 2203source of carbon dioxi
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APPENDIX 4205APPENDIX 4PATTERNS OF
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APPENDIX 4207license from the relev
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APPENDIX 52093. Quality of decision
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APPENDIX 6211APPENDIX 6CODE OF COND
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APPENDIX 7213APPENDIX 7INTERNATIONA
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APPENDICES2151Based on information
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REFERENCES217REFERENCESAardema, M.,
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REFERENCES219Bedford, B.L., 1999, C
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REFERENCES221morning. Hunting and n
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REFERENCES223Application of static
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REFERENCES225Amsterdam, pp. 35-65.F
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REFERENCES227beautiful). Proceeding
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REFERENCES229595 p.IPCC, 1995, Clim
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REFERENCES231der Sitten (Ed. by Kra
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REFERENCES233are you harvested. Rev
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REFERENCES235Marschner, H., 1995, M
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REFERENCES237wet relationship. Tran
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REFERENCES239Växtsociologiska Säl
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REFERENCES241Peatland, Sarawak, Mal
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REFERENCES243Schäfer, A., and Dege
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REFERENCES245Sirin, A.A., Minaeva T
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REFERENCES247Princeton University P
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REFERENCES249Kluwer Academic Publis
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REFERENCES251Event, p. 222.Whinam,
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INDEX253INDEXAAapa mire 30, 42, 81,
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INDEX255Arrhenius Svante 99Art/arti
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INDEX257Black peat 41, 54, 56, 58,
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INDEX259Carex canescens 27Carex ces
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INDEX261Cloud condensation nuclei 7
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INDEX263Cross purposes 103Cross-cou
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INDEX265Dutch Foundation for the Co
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INDEX267Eurasia 60, 75, 196Europe 3
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INDEX269Freedom from arbitrary arre
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INDEX271Growing media 51-53, 136, 1
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INDEX273Hydrologic characteristics
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INDEX275ISO 14001 136Isotope 169Iso
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INDEX277Lathyrus palustris 27Latk F
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INDEX279Management Guidelines 19, 2
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REFERENCES281Modifiers 120, 127-128
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REFERENCES283New Caledonia 191New Z
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REFERENCES285PPacific North West 71
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REFERENCES287Photochemically active
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REFERENCES289Product diversificatio
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REFERENCES291Research 100Research n
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REFERENCES293Scotland 58, 59, 98Sco
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REFERENCES295Song of the Peatbog So
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REFERENCES297Suspended solids 56, 8
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REFERENCES299Triglochin palustre 27
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REFERENCES301Verlandungsmoore 26Ver
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REFERENCES303Wool 57Works of art 83
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