216 APPENDICESrates in flowing drainage may increasesubstantially (cf. Janiesch et al. 1991, Kazda 1995,Siemens 1996, Münchmeyer 2000).76Cf. Augustin et al. 1998, Augustin 2001.77With a bulk DW density <strong>of</strong> 100 kg m -3 <strong>and</strong> a Ccontent <strong>of</strong> 50%.78Hillebr<strong>and</strong>, 1993.79According to Sundh et al. (2000) CO 2emissionfrom the peat extraction site (0.23 to 1.0 kg CO 2m -2 yr -1 ) is on average ca 6% <strong>of</strong> the total amount<strong>of</strong> extracted peat.80In a Swedish study, the CH 4emission during thegrowing season was similar to emissions fromvirgin peatl<strong>and</strong>s (Sundh et al. 2000).81Crill et al. 2000.82See, however, also Roulet 2000b.83After Crill et al. (2000): Tables 6 <strong>and</strong> 13.84Mean value <strong>and</strong> S.D. for the years 1994 - 1998.85The long-term values for forest drained peatl<strong>and</strong>are subject <strong>of</strong> discussion, beca<strong>use</strong> <strong>of</strong> the contestedlinear extrapolation <strong>of</strong> 50-year litteraccumulation data towards the 100 or 500 yeartime horizon (Joosten 2000).86After Crill et al.(2000): Tables 6, 13, <strong>and</strong> 15.87Brown 1990, Kangas 1990, Paijmans 1990, Kuhry1994, Frost 1995, Zoltai et al. 1998, Morrisseyet al. 2000, Joosten 2001.88Goldammer 1999a, Nepstad et al. 1999, Scholeset al. 2000.89Maltby 1986.90Ellery et al. 1989, Maltby et al. 1990, Grundlinget al. 1998.91Goldhammer 1999a.92Scholes et al. 2000.93Page et al. 2000.94See §A2.2.95See §3.4.1 (ea).96See §3.4.2 (f).97Mundel 1976.98See Table A2/1 (Net sources <strong>of</strong> global atmosphericemissions <strong>of</strong> methane).99Rudd et al. 1993, see also Moore 1994, Nykänenet al. 1996.100Cf. Kamp et al. 2000.101Tuittila et al. 2000.102Tuittila et al. 2000.103Flessa et al. 1997. See also Komulainen et al.1999.104Westermann & Ahring 1987, Grosse et al. 1992,Gonzalez et al. 1995, Augustin et al. 1998.105Schouten et al. 1992.106Roulet 2000a, Martikainen et al 2000.107Laine 2000, Martikainen et al 2000.108Pastor et al. 2000, Bridgham et al. 2000.109Laine 2000, Pastor et al. 2000, Bridgham et al.2000.110Turetsky et al. 2000.111Laine 2000.112Laine 2000; cf. Öquist & Svensson 1996: “Dueto site-specific responses by wetl<strong>and</strong>s <strong>and</strong> thelarge range <strong>of</strong> plausible anthropogenic <strong>and</strong> naturalstressors, a quantitative evaluation <strong>of</strong> them incombination with climatic change is difficult. Itis conceivable, however, that within the nextdecades the main threat to wetl<strong>and</strong>s is likely tobe due to anthropogenic activities rather thanclimate change.”113Based on information provided by KatherineMeenan.114Lucas 1970.115Fuel <strong>Research</strong> Board 1921.116Feehan & O’Donovan 1996 p. 30. See alsoO’Kelly 1959.117Based on information provided by Timo Nyronen<strong>and</strong> Veijo Klemetti.118A network <strong>of</strong> protected areas established by theEuropean Union.119Based on information provided by Rein Raudsep.120Based on information provided by Lars-EricLarsson.121Based on information provided by NikolaiBambalov.122Based on information provided by Gerry Hood.123Rubec, 1996.124Rubec 1988.125Based on information provided by HartmutFalkenberg.126Based on information provided by Adi Jaya <strong>and</strong>Jack Rieley.127In the case <strong>of</strong> a company manufacturing growingmedia it should apply to all the companiessupplying it with peat; in the case <strong>of</strong> a trader orwholesaler it should apply to the manufacturer<strong>and</strong> to the companies supplying the manufacturer.In the case <strong>of</strong> a retail chain, it should apply tothe wholesaler, the manufacturer <strong>and</strong> themanufacturer’s suppliers.
REFERENCES217REFERENCESAardema, M., 1981, Uit het leven van eenveenarbeider. Bosch & Keuning, Baarn.Aaviksoo, K., Kadarik, H., Masing, V., 1997,Kaug-ja lähivõtteid 30 Eesti soost. Aerialviews <strong>and</strong> close-up pictures <strong>of</strong> 30 Estonian<strong>mires</strong>. The first book on telmatography.Ministry <strong>of</strong> the Environment, Tallinn.Achterhuis, H., 1988, Het rijk van deschaarste. Van Thomas Hobbes tot MichelFoucault., Ambo, Baarn.Agnew, A. D. Q., Rapson, G. L., Sykes, M. T.,<strong>and</strong> Bastow Wilson, J., 1993, The functionalecology <strong>of</strong> Empodisma minus (Hook. f.)Johnson <strong>and</strong> Cutler in New Zeal<strong>and</strong>ombrotrophic <strong>mires</strong>. - New Phytol. 124: 701-710.Agriculture Canada Expert Committee on SoilSurvey, 1987, The Canadian system <strong>of</strong> soilclassification. 2nd ed. Agr. Can. Publ. 1646.164p.Ahlrichs, R., 1987, Das Lied der Moore: EineHeimatkunde für dich und mich. Reinhard,Leer.Åhman, R., 1977, Palsar I Nordnorge. Enstudie av palsar morfologi, utbredning ochklimatiska förusättningar i Finnmarks ochTroms fylke. Meddel<strong>and</strong>en från LundsUniversitets Geografiska Institution 78: 1-165.Äikäs, O., Seppänen, H., Yli-Kyyny, K. <strong>and</strong>Leino, J., 1994, Young uranium deposits inpeat, Finl<strong>and</strong>: an orientation study. GeologicalSurvey <strong>of</strong> Finl<strong>and</strong>, Espoo. Report <strong>of</strong>investigation 124.Alex<strong>and</strong>rov, G.A., 1988, A spatially distributedmodel <strong>of</strong> raised bog relief. In: W.J. Mitsch,W.J. M. Straskraba, M., <strong>and</strong> S.E. Jorgensen,S.E., (Eds.): Wetl<strong>and</strong> modelling. Elsevier,Amsterdam, pp. 41-53.Alex<strong>and</strong>rova, V.D., 1988, Vegetation <strong>of</strong> theSoviet polar deserts. Cambridge UniversityPress, Cambridge.Ali, A., 2000, Endemic fish <strong>of</strong> peatl<strong>and</strong> inMalaysia. In : Rochefort, L., <strong>and</strong> Daigle, J.-Y.,(Eds.): Sustaining our peatl<strong>and</strong>s. IPSCongress Quebec 2000 Proceedings 2: 1109.Alm, J., Schulman, L., Walden, J., Nykänen,H., Martikainen, P.J. & <strong>and</strong> Silvola, J., 1999,Carbon balance <strong>of</strong> a boreal bog during a yearwith an exceptionally dry summer, J. Ecol. 80:161-174.Anderson, J.A.R., 1983, The tropical peatswamps <strong>of</strong> Western Malesia. In: Gore, A.J.P.,(Ed.): Mires: swamp, bog, fen <strong>and</strong> moor.Ecosystems <strong>of</strong> the World 4B. Elsevier,Amsterdam, pp. 181-199.Andrejko, M.J., Fiene, F., Cohen, A.D., 1983,Comparison <strong>of</strong> ashing techniques fordetermination <strong>of</strong> the inorganic content <strong>of</strong>peats. P. 5-20 In: Jarrett P.M., (Ed.): Testing <strong>of</strong>peats <strong>and</strong> organic soils. ASTM Spec TechPubl 820. 241p.Andriesse, A.J., 1988, Nature <strong>and</strong>management <strong>of</strong> tropical peat soils. FAO SoilsBulletin 59, FAO Rome. http://www.fao.org/docrep/x5872e/x5872e00.htm#ContentsArmentano, T.V., <strong>and</strong> Menges, E.S., 1986,Patterns <strong>of</strong> change in the carbon balance <strong>of</strong>organic soilwetl<strong>and</strong>s <strong>of</strong> the temperate zone.J. Ecol. 74: 755-774.Armstrong, W., 1975, Waterlogged soils. In:J.R. Etherington: Environment <strong>and</strong> plantecology. Wiley, London, pp. 181-218.Aselmann, I., Crutzen, P.J., 1990, A globalinventory <strong>of</strong> wetl<strong>and</strong> distribution <strong>and</strong>seasonality, net primary productivity <strong>and</strong>estimated methane emissions. In: Bouwman,A.F., Soils <strong>and</strong> the greenho<strong>use</strong> effect. JohnWiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, pp. 441-449.Asplund, D., 1996, Energy Use <strong>of</strong> Peat. In:Lappalainen, E., (Ed.): Global Peat Resources.International Peat Society, Jyväskylä, pp. 319-325.Attfield, R., <strong>and</strong> Dell, K., (Eds.), 1996, Values,conflict <strong>and</strong> the environment. 2nd ed.Ashgate, Aldershot.Augustin, J., 1997, Nitrous oxide emissionsfrom different fen peatl<strong>and</strong> sites in northeastGermany (Abstract). 7th International
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- Page 227 and 228: REFERENCES227beautiful). Proceeding
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INDEX267Eurasia 60, 75, 196Europe 3
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INDEX269Freedom from arbitrary arre
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INDEX271Growing media 51-53, 136, 1
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INDEX273Hydrologic characteristics
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INDEX275ISO 14001 136Isotope 169Iso
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INDEX277Lathyrus palustris 27Latk F
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INDEX279Management Guidelines 19, 2
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REFERENCES281Modifiers 120, 127-128
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REFERENCES283New Caledonia 191New Z
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REFERENCES297Suspended solids 56, 8
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REFERENCES303Wool 57Works of art 83