wise use of mires and peatlands - Peatland Ecology Research Group

216 APPENDICESrates in flowing drainage may increasesubstantially (cf. Janiesch et al. 1991, Kazda 1995,Siemens 1996, Münchmeyer 2000).76Cf. Augustin et al. 1998, Augustin 2001.77With a bulk DW density of 100 kg m -3 and a Ccontent of 50%.78Hillebrand, 1993.79According to Sundh et al. (2000) CO 2emissionfrom the peat extraction site (0.23 to 1.0 kg CO 2m -2 yr -1 ) is on average ca 6% of the total amountof extracted peat.80In a Swedish study, the CH 4emission during thegrowing season was similar to emissions fromvirgin peatlands (Sundh et al. 2000).81Crill et al. 2000.82See, however, also Roulet 2000b.83After Crill et al. (2000): Tables 6 and 13.84Mean value and S.D. for the years 1994 - 1998.85The long-term values for forest drained peatlandare subject of discussion, because of the contestedlinear extrapolation of 50-year litteraccumulation data towards the 100 or 500 yeartime horizon (Joosten 2000).86After Crill et al.(2000): Tables 6, 13, and 15.87Brown 1990, Kangas 1990, Paijmans 1990, Kuhry1994, Frost 1995, Zoltai et al. 1998, Morrisseyet al. 2000, Joosten 2001.88Goldammer 1999a, Nepstad et al. 1999, Scholeset al. 2000.89Maltby 1986.90Ellery et al. 1989, Maltby et al. 1990, Grundlinget al. 1998.91Goldhammer 1999a.92Scholes et al. 2000.93Page et al. 2000.94See §A2.2.95See §3.4.1 (ea).96See §3.4.2 (f).97Mundel 1976.98See Table A2/1 (Net sources of global atmosphericemissions of methane).99Rudd et al. 1993, see also Moore 1994, Nykänenet al. 1996.100Cf. Kamp et al. 2000.101Tuittila et al. 2000.102Tuittila et al. 2000.103Flessa et al. 1997. See also Komulainen et al.1999.104Westermann & Ahring 1987, Grosse et al. 1992,Gonzalez et al. 1995, Augustin et al. 1998.105Schouten et al. 1992.106Roulet 2000a, Martikainen et al 2000.107Laine 2000, Martikainen et al 2000.108Pastor et al. 2000, Bridgham et al. 2000.109Laine 2000, Pastor et al. 2000, Bridgham et al.2000.110Turetsky et al. 2000.111Laine 2000.112Laine 2000; cf. Öquist & Svensson 1996: “Dueto site-specific responses by wetlands and thelarge range of plausible anthropogenic and naturalstressors, a quantitative evaluation of them incombination with climatic change is difficult. Itis conceivable, however, that within the nextdecades the main threat to wetlands is likely tobe due to anthropogenic activities rather thanclimate change.”113Based on information provided by KatherineMeenan.114Lucas 1970.115Fuel Research Board 1921.116Feehan & O’Donovan 1996 p. 30. See alsoO’Kelly 1959.117Based on information provided by Timo Nyronenand Veijo Klemetti.118A network of protected areas established by theEuropean Union.119Based on information provided by Rein Raudsep.120Based on information provided by Lars-EricLarsson.121Based on information provided by NikolaiBambalov.122Based on information provided by Gerry Hood.123Rubec, 1996.124Rubec 1988.125Based on information provided by HartmutFalkenberg.126Based on information provided by Adi Jaya andJack Rieley.127In the case of a company manufacturing growingmedia it should apply to all the companiessupplying it with peat; in the case of a trader orwholesaler it should apply to the manufacturerand to the companies supplying the manufacturer.In the case of a retail chain, it should apply tothe wholesaler, the manufacturer and themanufacturer’s suppliers.