wise use of mires and peatlands - Peatland Ecology Research Group

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212 APPENDIX 63.8 Was the decision to exploit taken on the basis of cost-benefit analysis4. Conditions under which peat is extracted4.1 Were both the peatland development and the construction of the facility inaccordance with national land-use planning laws and regulations4.2 Are the peatland operation and the facility operation licensed. Are both operatedin accordance with the licence conditions4.3 Do both enterprises operate environmental management systems4.4.1 Is every effort made to preserve the ecological processes necessary for thesurvival of species4.4.2 Does the enterprise seek to ensure, where possible, that any loss or damagecaused by extraction is reversible4.5 Does the peatland enterprise- prevent- control- reduce- repair or- compensate forany damage consequent on peat extraction4.6 Does it bear the cost of these measures4.7 Does the peatland enterprise seek to adapt its extraction processes to the naturalcharacteristics and constraints of the mire or peatland4.8 Does the peatland enterprise have a policy of using the latest available technologyto minimise environmental impact5. Social and environmental responsibility5.1 Has the peatland enterprise balanced its peat extraction by compensatoryconservation measures such as setting aside and preserving pristine mires5.2 Do the benefits of the operation accrue to a large number of people and not aprivileged few. For example- do the enterprises pay adequate wages,- do they give local employment,- were those with rights over land adequately compensated,- is the energy produced available to all5.3 Does the peatland enterprise have an acceptable policy on the after-use ofdegraded peatlands ensuring that, when production has ceased, the enterpriserestores the peatland to a peat accumulating ecosystem (mire) or otherenvironmentally appropriate use5.4 Do the enterprises promote knowledge and awareness of mires and peatlands5.5 Do the enterprises also promote the use of alternative energies6. Characteristics of the facilityDoes the facility use peat as efficiently as possible, using the latest technologyand minimising emissions
APPENDIX 7213APPENDIX 7INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS●United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change http://www.unfccc.de/●Convention to Combat Desertification (UNFCCD) http://www.unccd.int/main.php●Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat(RAMSAR)●Protocol to Amend the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially asWaterfowl Habitat http://ramsar.org/●Basel Convention on Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposalhttp://www.basel.int/●Bonn Convention on Migratory Species (CMS) http://www.wcmc.org.uk/cms/●Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) http://www.biodiv.org/●Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) http://www.cites.org/●Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer http://www.unep.ch/ozone●Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer http://www.unep.org/ozone/●Lusaka Agreement on Cooperative Enforcement Operation Directed at Legal Trade in WildFauna and Flora●Regional Seas Conventions http://www.unep.ch/seas/●Barcelona Convention (Mediterranean Action Plan)●Convention on Trade in Dangerous Chemicals and Pesticides (PIC) http://irptc.unep.ch/pic/●Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) http://www.chem.unep.ch/pops●Aarhus Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision Makingand Access to Justice in Environmental Matters
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WISE USEOF MIRES AND PEATLANDS -BAC
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IMCG/IPS STATEMENT3CONTENTSGuide to
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IMCG/IPS STATEMENT5References .....
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IMCG/IPS STATEMENT7Peatlands are na
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IMCG/IPS STATEMENT9use of the peatl
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GUIDE TO THE USE OF THE DOCUMENT11a
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GUIDE TO THE USE OF THE DOCUMENT13A
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GUIDE TO THE USE OF THE DOCUMENT15b
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GUIDE TO THE USE OF THE DOCUMENT17c
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INTRODUCTION19resources. These help
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INTRODUCTION211998 Peatlands Under
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INTRODUCTION23●●●●●●●
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MIRES AND PEATLANDS252.2 PEAT FORMA
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MIRES AND PEATLANDS27Table 2/1: Eco
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MIRES AND PEATLANDS29Figure 2/3: Hy
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MIRES AND PEATLANDS31peat formation
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MIRES AND PEATLANDS33Outside the tr
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MIRES AND PEATLANDS35decay in the c
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MIRES AND PEATLANDS37formed peat an
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MIRES AND PEATLANDS39
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MIRES AND PEATLANDS41differs in thi
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MIRES AND PEATLANDS43Sieffermann et
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VALUES AND FUCTIONS OF MIRES AND PE
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VALUES AND CONFLICTS: WHERE DIFFERE
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FRAMEWORK FOR WISE USE121This consi
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FRAMEWORK FOR WISE USE123Some examp
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FRAMEWORK FOR WISE USE1253. There i
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FRAMEWORK FOR WISE USE1278. The pri
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FRAMEWORK FOR WISE USE129(2) Intern
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FRAMEWORK FOR WISE USE131National p
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FRAMEWORK FOR WISE USE133(8) Educat
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FRAMEWORK FOR WISE USE135the manage
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FRAMEWORK FOR WISE USE137Does the e
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FRAMEWORK FOR WISE USE139well-being
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FRAMEWORK FOR WISE USE141This summa
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FRAMEWORK FOR WISE USE143knowledge
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FRAMEWORK FOR WISE USE145Surwold Me
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FRAMEWORK FOR WISE USE147Peatland-l
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FRAMEWORK FOR WISE USE149Marine tra
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FRAMEWORK FOR WISE USE151Bog prepar
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FRAMEWORK FOR WISE USE153Peat-fired
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FRAMEWORK FOR WISE USE155Cattle on
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FRAMEWORK FOR WISE USE157Pristine p
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FRAMEWORK FOR WISE USE159Fire on a
Page 161 and 162: FRAMEWORK FOR WISE USE16171See §§
Page 163 and 164: GLOSSARY OF CONCEPTS AND TERMS163Ba
Page 165 and 166: GLOSSARY OF CONCEPTS AND TERMS165De
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Page 169 and 170: GLOSSARY OF CONCEPTS AND TERMS169In
Page 171 and 172: GLOSSARY OF CONCEPTS AND TERMS171No
Page 173 and 174: GLOSSARY OF CONCEPTS AND TERMS173Pi
Page 175 and 176: GLOSSARY OF CONCEPTS AND TERMS175So
Page 177 and 178: GLOSSARY OF CONCEPTS AND TERMS177Vo
Page 179 and 180: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS179Lindsay, Richard
Page 181 and 182: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS181International Pe
Page 183 and 184: APPENDICES183APPENDICES
Page 185 and 186: APPENDIX I185Original 2002 2002Coun
Page 187 and 188: APPENDIX I187Philippines 300,000 10
Page 189 and 190: APPENDIX I189Country Total area Pea
Page 191 and 192: APPENDIX I191Country Total area Pea
Page 193 and 194: APPENDIX I193The other important as
Page 195 and 196: APPENDIX 2195Region Methane emissio
Page 197 and 198: APPENDIX 2197A2.3 THE ROLE OF PEATL
Page 199 and 200: APPENDIX 21991200010000FensBogskg C
Page 201 and 202: APPENDIX 2201Total C in 10 9 gUndis
Page 203 and 204: APPENDIX 2203source of carbon dioxi
Page 205 and 206: APPENDIX 4205APPENDIX 4PATTERNS OF
Page 207 and 208: APPENDIX 4207license from the relev
Page 209 and 210: APPENDIX 52093. Quality of decision
Page 211: APPENDIX 6211APPENDIX 6CODE OF COND
Page 215 and 216: APPENDICES2151Based on information
Page 217 and 218: REFERENCES217REFERENCESAardema, M.,
Page 219 and 220: REFERENCES219Bedford, B.L., 1999, C
Page 221 and 222: REFERENCES221morning. Hunting and n
Page 223 and 224: REFERENCES223Application of static
Page 225 and 226: REFERENCES225Amsterdam, pp. 35-65.F
Page 227 and 228: REFERENCES227beautiful). Proceeding
Page 229 and 230: REFERENCES229595 p.IPCC, 1995, Clim
Page 231 and 232: REFERENCES231der Sitten (Ed. by Kra
Page 233 and 234: REFERENCES233are you harvested. Rev
Page 235 and 236: REFERENCES235Marschner, H., 1995, M
Page 237 and 238: REFERENCES237wet relationship. Tran
Page 239 and 240: REFERENCES239Växtsociologiska Säl
Page 241 and 242: REFERENCES241Peatland, Sarawak, Mal
Page 243 and 244: REFERENCES243Schäfer, A., and Dege
Page 245 and 246: REFERENCES245Sirin, A.A., Minaeva T
Page 247 and 248: REFERENCES247Princeton University P
Page 249 and 250: REFERENCES249Kluwer Academic Publis
Page 251 and 252: REFERENCES251Event, p. 222.Whinam,
Page 253 and 254: INDEX253INDEXAAapa mire 30, 42, 81,
Page 255 and 256: INDEX255Arrhenius Svante 99Art/arti
Page 257 and 258: INDEX257Black peat 41, 54, 56, 58,
Page 259 and 260: INDEX259Carex canescens 27Carex ces
Page 261 and 262: INDEX261Cloud condensation nuclei 7
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INDEX263Cross purposes 103Cross-cou
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INDEX265Dutch Foundation for the Co
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INDEX267Eurasia 60, 75, 196Europe 3
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INDEX269Freedom from arbitrary arre
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INDEX271Growing media 51-53, 136, 1
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INDEX273Hydrologic characteristics
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INDEX275ISO 14001 136Isotope 169Iso
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INDEX277Lathyrus palustris 27Latk F
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INDEX279Management Guidelines 19, 2
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REFERENCES281Modifiers 120, 127-128
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REFERENCES283New Caledonia 191New Z
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REFERENCES285PPacific North West 71
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REFERENCES287Photochemically active
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REFERENCES289Product diversificatio
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REFERENCES291Research 100Research n
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REFERENCES293Scotland 58, 59, 98Sco
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REFERENCES295Song of the Peatbog So
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REFERENCES297Suspended solids 56, 8
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REFERENCES299Triglochin palustre 27
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REFERENCES301Verlandungsmoore 26Ver
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REFERENCES303Wool 57Works of art 83
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