wise use of mires and peatlands - Peatland Ecology Research Group
wise use of mires and peatlands - Peatland Ecology Research Group
wise use of mires and peatlands - Peatland Ecology Research Group
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90 VALUES AND FUCTIONS OF MIRES AND PEATLANDSMire Name <strong>of</strong> Synonyms for that level as Indication Exampleorganisational that level* <strong>use</strong>d in different literature <strong>of</strong> sizelevel references (m 2 ) 2970 level - - 10 -8 Plant tissue, non tissue1 st level - Elementary particle, 10 -2 Single plant, mossNan<strong>of</strong>ormclone, open water2 nd level Nanotope Mire-micr<strong>of</strong>orm, feature, 10 -1 – 10 1 Hummock, hollow, poolelement3 rd level Microtope Mire-site, facies, element, 10 4 – 10 6 Hummock-hollowsegment, mikrol<strong>and</strong>šaftcomplex, pool4 th level Mesotope Mire-complex, massif, 10 5 – 10 7 Raised bog (as a whole)synsite, unit, mesol<strong>and</strong>šaft5 th level Macrotope Mire-system, complex, 10 7 – 10 9 Stormosse (Sjörs 1948);coalescence, makrol<strong>and</strong>šaftRed Lake Peatl<strong>and</strong>s(Glaser 1992).> 5 th level Supertope Mire-region, zone, district, > 10 9 Regional zoning <strong>of</strong>province<strong>mires</strong> (Gams & Ru<strong>of</strong>f1929, Ruuhijärvi 1960*proposed at the IMCG Workshop on Global Mire Classification, Greifswald, March 1998.Table 3/20: Mire biodiversity on various spatial <strong>and</strong> organisational levels 296 .Sphagnum species as indicators <strong>of</strong>atmospheric pollution 300 or as indicators <strong>of</strong>geological resources 301 .3.4.5 Transformation <strong>and</strong> option functionsTransformation functions concern thepossibility <strong>of</strong> modifying <strong>and</strong> changingpreferences, e.g. the development <strong>of</strong> newtastes, the improvement <strong>of</strong> social skills, <strong>and</strong>the growing awareness <strong>of</strong> existencefunctions 302 . These are important aspects <strong>of</strong>peatl<strong>and</strong> educational programmes 303 .Outdoor experiences (“survival”) in peatl<strong>and</strong>sare increasingly <strong>use</strong>d to develop social <strong>and</strong>management skills in civil servants, youngcriminals, <strong>and</strong> business executives 304 .Experience <strong>of</strong> wild species <strong>and</strong> pristineecosystems is a major advantage indeveloping a consistent <strong>and</strong> rational worldview, one that fully recognises the place <strong>of</strong>the human being in the universe as a complexorganism whose existence depends uponother living beings <strong>and</strong> functioningecosystems. Such experience may inform <strong>and</strong>challenge existing frames <strong>of</strong> reference: howto exist in a limited world, how to underst<strong>and</strong>that world, <strong>and</strong> what value to place on it? Itcan promote the questioning <strong>and</strong> rejection <strong>of</strong>world views that lead to overly materialistic<strong>and</strong> consumerist preferences. Mires, aseconomical, stable <strong>and</strong> self-organisingminiature-worlds that provide importanthistoric references, may play an important rolein this respect 305 .Option functions relate to the importancepeople place on a safe future, either withintheir own lifetime, or for future generations.The prospect <strong>of</strong> a safe future is a normalhuman need, <strong>and</strong> the perception that thisprospect might be weakening has a negativeeffect on welfare. Option functions <strong>of</strong> <strong>mires</strong>include the future assurance <strong>of</strong> theirproduction, carrier, regulation <strong>and</strong>informational functions, <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> the benefitsthat still have to be discovered 306 . The ability
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