wise use of mires and peatlands - Peatland Ecology Research Group
wise use of mires and peatlands - Peatland Ecology Research Group
wise use of mires and peatlands - Peatland Ecology Research Group
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APPENDIX 2201Total C in 10 9 gUndisturbed peatl<strong>and</strong>s - 408 ± 28Peatl<strong>and</strong>s drained for forestry - 2468 ± 1485Peatl<strong>and</strong>s drained for agriculture + 1485 ± 621Peat extraction <strong>and</strong> stockpiles+ 180 ± n.d.Peat combustion 84 + 2184 ± 178Totals 973 ± 2312Table A2/10: Annual carbon balances <strong>of</strong> Finnish peatl<strong>and</strong>s under different l<strong>and</strong>-<strong>use</strong> forms(- sequestration; + emission) 83 .A2.6 NATIONAL BALANCESDetailed national calculations with respect topeat carbon stores <strong>and</strong> radiative forcing areonly available for Finl<strong>and</strong> 82 . Table A2/10presents the carbon balance data for Finnishpeatl<strong>and</strong>s. Both undisturbed <strong>and</strong> forestrydrained peatl<strong>and</strong>s currently have a positivecarbon balance, the former beca<strong>use</strong> <strong>of</strong> peataccumulation, the latter beca<strong>use</strong> <strong>of</strong> increasein root biomass <strong>and</strong> litter carbon.Table A2/11 presents the integrated effects<strong>of</strong> various greenho<strong>use</strong> gases on radiativeforcing. The strongly time-dependent effect<strong>of</strong> undisturbed <strong>mires</strong> is striking, beca<strong>use</strong> <strong>of</strong>the decreasing effect <strong>of</strong> methane 85 . Estimatingthe effects on the 500-year horizon is evenmore speculative than that for the 100-yearhorizon, <strong>and</strong> does not take into accountchanges in hydrology <strong>and</strong> temperatureresulting from global change.A2.7 THE ROLE OF PEATLANDFIRESIn many areas <strong>of</strong> the world natural fires ignitedby lightning strikes were normal phenomenain peatl<strong>and</strong>s 87 . Today fire is most frequentlythe result <strong>of</strong> human activities, such as theburning <strong>of</strong> forested areas for l<strong>and</strong> clearing, <strong>of</strong>natural grassl<strong>and</strong>s <strong>and</strong> savannas to sustainRadiative forcing(in 10 12 g CO 2equivalents)L<strong>and</strong> <strong>use</strong> area in 1000 ha 100 year horizon 500 year horizonUndisturbed peatl<strong>and</strong>s 4000 + 8.40 ± 0.15 + 0.54 ± 0.15Forest drained peatl<strong>and</strong>s 5700 - 5.28 ± 5.5 - 7.61 ± 5.5Agricultural peatl<strong>and</strong>s 250 + 6.63 ± 2.57 + 6.12 ± 2.45Peat extraction 63 + 0.71 ± n.d + 0.69 ± n.d<strong>and</strong> stockpilesPeat combustion 77.5 ± 7.3 PJ y -1 + 8.51 ± 0.75 + 8.32 ± 0.71Totals + 18.97 ± 8.97 + 8.06 ± 8.81Table A2/11: Summary <strong>of</strong> radiative forcing <strong>of</strong> Finnish peatl<strong>and</strong>s under different l<strong>and</strong>-<strong>use</strong>forms using different time horizons 86 .
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