2010 ilerleme raporu - Avrupa Birliği Bakanlığı

established, so that all non-Muslim religious communities and the Alevi community canfunction without undue constraints, including the training of clergy.Economic and social rightsAs regards women’s rights and gender equality some progress can be noted. An amendment tothe Constitution provides that positive discrimination measures in favour of women can beadopted. A Prime Ministerial circular was issued with the aim of promoting women’semployment and equal opportunities, particularly on the labour market. The circular providesfor establishment of a national board for monitoring and coordinating matters related towomen’s employment, for involvement of social partners and NGOs in the work of the boardand for pursuit of gender equality and gender mainstreaming in drafting and implementinglegislation and policies.The Parliamentary Committee on Equal Opportunities for Women and Men continued itswork. It conducted a number of investigations, prepared reports and consulted relevant bodies,including NGOs on issues such as violence against women, early marriages or sexualharassment of minors at school.A tripartite protocol was concluded between the Social Services and Child Protection Agency,the Directorate-General for Women’s Status and the Turkish national police with the aim ofimproving the services for women and children victims of domestic violence. The police havestarted to use standard reception forms for victims for risk assessment and subsequentreferrals. Training for police officers continued. Awareness-raising activities for publicservants continued, particularly at local level.The gender gap in primary education continued to narrow and has virtually closed at nationallevel 20 . This needs to be sustained by continuing to encourage enrolment of girls andpreventing school drop-outs particularly in rural areas.However, gender equality and combating violence against women remain major challengesfor Turkey.Women's representation in politics, senior positions in public administration and in tradeunions 21 is very low.As regards women's participation in the labour market, the absence of sufficient child-carefacilities, difficulties in access to secondary and further education and the existence ofstereotypes all contribute to this. Unpaid work in subsistence agriculture and employment inthe informal sector continue to be challenges. There are no social inclusion mechanisms forwomen to counter-balance the impact of poverty, migration and other socio-economicproblems.The situation of children, especially of girls, at primary boarding schools needs attention inorder to avoid drop-outs and increase the quality of education. The safety of minors in theseinstitutions, in particular girls, is a cause for concern and was debated in the press. There is a2021The primary school enrolment rates (grades 1 – 8) rose to 98.47% for boys and 97.84% for girls.In reply to a parliamentary question in late 2009, State Minister Selma Aliye Kavaf said that 2,282managers are employed by State institutions. Of these, 1,995 are male and 287 female. Women thusaccount for only 12.5% of senior State administrators.EN 25 EN