2010 ilerleme raporu - Avrupa Birliği Bakanlığı

accountability, efficiency and transparency of the budgeting process would benefit from amodernisation of the public audit, while the adoption of the draft Turkish CompetitionAuthority Law would contribute to less opacity on state aids in public finances. Theunification of all tax administration functions under the Revenue Administration announcedearlier has not been implemented in full. This unification would strengthen the audit capacityand facilitate greater use of standard risk-based audit techniques, thereby enhancingtransparency and providing significant support for reducing informality. Overall, measures toincrease fiscal transparency were modest.Over the last few years, Turkey had successfully implemented a strong stabilisationprogramme and the resilience of the Turkish economy had benefited from in-depth structuralreforms in many key areas, including banking, restructuring of enterprises and privatisation,education and energy. Although the financial crisis has hit the Turkish real economy hard, theearlier regulatory and supervisory reforms have paid off and growth resumed rapidly andstrongly. Turkey’s fiscal and monetary policy mix proved successful during the crisis andadjustments are being made in order to benefit from the recovery. A new draft lawestablishing a fiscal anchor that has potential for considerably improving the fiscalperformance over time, as well as removing the current pro-cyclical bias of fiscal policy, wassubmitted to parliament in mid-July, but its discussion was postponed. Making more progresswith fiscal transparency, strengthening the inflation targeting and preserving financial stabilitywill be important to minimise the risks of a boom-bust scenario. Overall, although the currentpolicy mix has proved effective in recent months, macroeconomic stability remainsvulnerable and could benefit from a stronger fiscal anchor.Interplay of market forcesThe government has confirmed the independence of the regulatory and surveillance agencies.But despite the regulatory framework, government authorities still tend to set the prices insome key areas, including in electricity and gas markets, and to a lesser extent intelecommunications and transportation, in particular in rail transportation. Liberalisation ofbackbone services has advanced significantly and prepared the ground for several successfulprivatisations in the energy sector. Indeed, Turkey continued its privatisation efforts in a morechallenging and crisis-prone environment. Total privatisations completed decreased from €4.4billion (1% of GDP) in 2008 to €1.6 billion (0.4% of GDP) in 2009. A total of 106transactions were completed in 2009. Ongoing major privatisations include the transfer ofoperating rights for 52 small-scale hydropower plants plus the privatisation of four sugarcompanies, electricity distribution in 13 regions and three ports. Overall, some progress hasbeen made on improving the interplay of market forces. Privatisation has advanced, albeit at aslower pace due to the worsening external environment.Market entry and exitIn 2009, the economic circumstances had a major impact on market entry and exit. Thenumber of newly established firms decreased by 10%, while the number of firms which wereclosed down increased by 8.5%. Foreign owners still face restrictions in various areas,including maritime transport, civil aviation, ground-handling, road transport, radio and TVbroadcasting, energy, accountancy and education. Licensing procedures are relatively lengthy.For example, 25 different procedures are still needed in order to build a warehouse, fromsecuring licences and permits to completing the necessary notifications and inspections andobtaining utility connections. Market exit is difficult too, as closing a business still takes 3.3years on average. Moreover, claimants recover only one fifth of their claims from insolventEN 41 EN