Speaking to One Another - The International Raoul Wallenberg ...

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that embraced Turkish nationalism, the Kemalistelite was continually challenged by oppositionalmovements. These challenges were invariablysuppressed violently. Following globaltrends, the strongest challenge to the Turkishnation state emerged in the 1980s, as conflictsbased upon identity politics threatenedthe fragile basis of national identity.Today, the stability of the nation-state necessitatesbold moves in the direction of further democratization,including a reevaluation of recenthistory as a means of creating a new contractbetween citizens and the state. One wayof reevaluating recent history is to challengethe disjuncture between public/national historyand local and personal memory.The political upheavals of the last thirty yearssince the military coup of 1980, including thesecularist/Islamist conflict and the military conflictbetween the Turkish army and the KurdishWorkers’ Party PKK (Partiya Karkerên Kurdistan),have resulted in widespread public debateon history and national identity. Revisionist historieschallenge national(ist) history, and thereis growing interest in the experiences of minorities.Individuals and communities have themselvesbegun to explore alternative historiesand identities, often through recourse to memory.The persistence of personal and local memoriesof recent historical events facilitates accessto different, if not contradictory and conflictingaccounts of the past.The burden of Armenian memory exemplifiesTurkey’s schizoid relationship to the pastin which public silence or denial coexists withwhat is largely an “open secret.” There are fewcommunities and localities in Turkey not affect-16
ed by 1915 and where memories of Armenians do not exist. While the debate in the media focuses largelyon the international political dimensions, research on the effects of this event on individuals and localitieswithin Turkey remains neglected. Why is recent history debated so passionately in Turkey today?How do individuals and communities construct recent history? How have the events of 1915 beentransmitted from generation to generation? How do we account for contradictions and silences in memorynarratives? Why are memories of Armenians so significant in the construction of national and otheridentities in Turkey? These are some of the questions we posed in this research.MethodologyGiven the sensitivity of the subject of Armenians in Turkey, a major challenge was to find potential intervieweesfrom all walks of life who would be willing to talk about the issue and assent to being recorded.At the same time, we didn’t want to delimit the topic of the interviews in such a way as to narrowthe range of possibilities of discussion. Our main strategy was to access interviewees through trustedpersonal contacts. For example, each interviewer searched for acquaintances in her personal network.17
Page 2 and 3: Published by:Institut für Internat
Page 5 and 6: ContentsForeword...................
Page 7 and 8: ForewordThe project “Adult Educat
Page 10 and 11: Aras, Yasin Aras, Welat Ay, Cenk Ce
Page 12 and 13: The main audience of this book is o
Page 15: “Wish they hadn’t left”:The B
Page 19 and 20: 1915 tends to be represented by int
Page 21 and 22: Yet to a large extent, Turkish inte
Page 23 and 24: this, we can’t. It’s impossible
Page 25 and 26: een very advanced in trade and craf
Page 27 and 28: How to Come to Terms with Phantom P
Page 29 and 30: It is always you who has to be nice
Page 32 and 33: to the way he was raised: “They f
Page 34 and 35: empathize with Armenians: “My aun
Page 36 and 37: Adil is not the only one marked by
Page 38 and 39: ness may be an attempt to overcome
Page 40 and 41: dernity and the oral transmission o
Page 42 and 43: A soup pot with spoons around itAt
Page 44 and 45: What if My Mother is Armenian?Ruhi
Page 46 and 47: If I were younger I’d get baptize
Page 48: with butter. We’ll serve the impo
Page 51 and 52: The time Salih and Gavrik are worki
Page 53 and 54: Turkey’s changing context is refr
Page 55 and 56: ‘It was to be expected.’ And my
Page 57 and 58: against one another. The feet of th
Page 59 and 60: Fear of Losing a CityZübeyde was b
Page 61 and 62: half for me.’ But what do our Mus
Page 63 and 64: e discussed when the kids were arou
Page 65 and 66: possible by the difference in relig
Page 67 and 68:
The Charm of AraratMehmet is a 62-y
Page 69 and 70:
dogs protected the sheep against wo
Page 71 and 72:
The Story of the “Night People”
Page 73 and 74:
“I don’t know why, but my grand
Page 75:
Research in Armenia:“Whom to Forg
Page 78 and 79:
and can generally be located in Tur
Page 80 and 81:
“Whom to Forgive? What to Forgive
Page 82 and 83:
“Private Stories”After the esta
Page 84 and 85:
Recalling MemoriesOral history diff
Page 86 and 87:
In the village of Ujan, where the v
Page 88 and 89:
The home-museum of Gevork Chaush in
Page 90 and 91:
Memorial in the Ashnak village dedi
Page 92 and 93:
other regions are entirely populate
Page 94 and 95:
sources and materials for their mem
Page 96 and 97:
Ergir’s Soil is Strong, Ergir’s
Page 98:
Tatevik, the granddaughterof Mihran
Page 101 and 102:
eral meanings in Armenian -”whole
Page 103 and 104:
The Gospel with Golden Binding of S
Page 105 and 106:
keeps a copper chalice that was bro
Page 107 and 108:
In some families the passports of t
Page 109 and 110:
at that time, Mustafa and Jamal, wh
Page 111 and 112:
People were so frightened to lose g
Page 113 and 114:
naked, they were decapitating every
Page 115 and 116:
Water, Fire, Desert“There was an
Page 117 and 118:
his mother dragged him behind her,
Page 119 and 120:
Many of our narrators mention the R
Page 121 and 122:
In the word-stock of the survivors
Page 123 and 124:
in Kurdish villages, and helping th
Page 125 and 126:
“Well, They Are Human Too”Even
Page 127 and 128:
member this well, they said, the el
Page 129 and 130:
speak to each other. Questioned by
Page 131 and 132:
Hamze Ptshuk, survived from Hosnut
Page 133 and 134:
“I don’t Know...”Why did this
Page 135 and 136:
“My Dear Almast, Write it Down, W
Page 137 and 138:
took his rifle and ran. The dog fel
Page 139 and 140:
she didn’t tell it to me. In the
Page 141 and 142:
elder guy in this house died and hi
Page 143 and 144:
AH - Turks always killed to get int
Page 145 and 146:
“My Father used to Tell us at Hom
Page 147 and 148:
person... I have never seen him, bu
Page 149 and 150:
gotten what you knew”. So, out of
Page 151 and 152:
a paid Adult Residential Facility,
Page 153 and 154:
It was probably after 60s... My fat
Page 155 and 156:
the Vardevar 1 day . Even if we mak
Page 157 and 158:
that this wasn’t a dream... and..
Page 159 and 160:
was our historical village. Nich, I
Page 161 and 162:
just filming around myself with no
Page 163 and 164:
that person whether I could take a
Page 165:
[Turk. wife]”. In the morning I t
Page 168 and 169:
4 Albert Mamikonyan,1953, in Kirova
Page 170 and 171:
11 Almast Harutyunyan,1920, Ujan vi
Page 172 and 173:
18 Eleonora Ghazaryan.1949, Ashnak
Page 174 and 175:
26 Nairi Tajiryan,1936, Egypt (Cair
Page 176:
33 Vazgen Ghukasyan,1933, Ashnak vi
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