In the village of Ujan, where the villagers initiatedthe construction of monument of Andranik 1 in 1967,problems with the various levels of authorities werefrequent. Villagers had collected the money for themonument construction. It was installed on April 11,1967. According <strong>to</strong> Saribek Tovmasyan, who was 13at the time: “In one night, secretly, villagers built thefence around the place where they intended <strong>to</strong> erectthe monument. I remember clearly when, how andwhat they brought, the car that brought it. Around1:30-2:00 am the monument was brought and installed.We, all the children and adults, were helping.I was there, <strong>to</strong>o. It was put up secretly during thenight. Guards were placed around so that nobodycould interfere. Even 3-4 years old kids in our villageknew that it was prohibited. We were aware thatthis is anti-soviet action. <strong>The</strong>n, authorities tried <strong>to</strong>demolish it, but our villagers didn’t let them. Policecame <strong>to</strong> demolish it several times, but our villagerswould fight them with shovels and pitchforks. Almostten years they guarded the monument at nighttime. <strong>The</strong>n authorities probably got used <strong>to</strong> it.” Evenin this period people were still afraid <strong>to</strong> speak abouttheir heroes. <strong>The</strong> mother of our interlocu<strong>to</strong>r fromthe Chqnagh village of Aparan was the only survivorin their family line. Russian soldiers found heramong dead corpses when she was ten and deliveredher <strong>to</strong> an orphan asylum. Only at the age of 60Andranik Monument in the village of Ujan.she dared <strong>to</strong> show her husband the pho<strong>to</strong>graphs ofAndranik, which she had been carefully hiding: “Mymother said that in 1965, when the Movement wasinitiated in Armenia, at that time she called my father, telling him: «Come, I am going <strong>to</strong> tell you some-1 Andranik – Ozanyan Toros Andranik, born in 1865 in Shapin Garahisar, died in 1927 in USA, near Sacramen<strong>to</strong>. Armeniangeneral and freedom fighter, he was member of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation Dashnakcutyun party, left it in1907, was res<strong>to</strong>red in 1914, and then left again in 1917, making a public announcement. Andranik participated in the defensebattles, displaying personal valor. He fought in the Balkan war (1912-1913). MoushIn 1916-1917 he exerted major efforts <strong>to</strong>help out the Armenian refugees. In 1918 received the title of Major-General. He fought at the Caucasian front. After 1922 helived in the USA. He has been awarded with highest military awards of Russia, Bulgaria, Greece and France. Andranik’s relicswere buried at the Père Lachaise cemetery in Paris. Numerous monuments have been placed in his memory, many streetsnamed after him. <strong>The</strong> grandparents of some of our respondents knew Andranik personally and <strong>to</strong>ok part in defense battleswith him.86
thing, but don’t tell this <strong>to</strong> anyone, it’s a secret»; it was only then my father found out that we had [picturesof] Andranik... she said, we had [pictures of] saints, and had shown him the pictures; these werevery pale, dim pho<strong>to</strong>graphs of Andranik, I don’t know where she managed <strong>to</strong> get them... well, it is clearthat it was a great risk <strong>to</strong> mention Andranik’s name at that time, she <strong>to</strong>ld me how she had shown [thesepho<strong>to</strong>s <strong>to</strong> my father], telling that this is our saint, Andranik...” (from the s<strong>to</strong>ry of Hovhannes Mkrtchyan).After the monument <strong>to</strong> Andranik was built, the grandsons of the brother of Gevork Chaush, one of theleaders of Armenian resistance detachments, initiated the construction of home-museum of GevorkChaush in Ashnak village. 1 This s<strong>to</strong>ry in many respects resembles the building and installment of monumentfor Andranik. <strong>The</strong> current museum was built in the place of one of the brother’s former cowsheds.From the s<strong>to</strong>ry of the daughter-in-law of the family that built the museum, Tsovinar “my father-in-law’scowshed, we slaughtered the animals, demolished the building, then the brothers decided <strong>to</strong> built it <strong>to</strong>getherwith the help of some of our villagers. Some would bring cement, others worked as laborers orwould bring food for the workers. But mostly we built the house ourselves and currently maintain it. Although,there are many visi<strong>to</strong>rs <strong>to</strong> the museum we never received any assistance from the state. <strong>The</strong>opposite was very often the case, they hindered it, prevented it: Construction of this building started in1960, and for fifteen years continually they had <strong>to</strong> struggle, without interruption, they were in constantturmoil, in constant struggle... Four brothers, with the help of the whole village... <strong>The</strong> person who builtthis building is buried inside of it, he was the Dean of the Mathematics [or] Physics Department of theUniversity, professor – Melkonyan Gevorg... At that time, who would risk it <strong>to</strong> mention the names of fidayees2 But this person was struggling with everyone; he completed this building, and died... on his funeralday the whole village came along with shovels and pickaxes <strong>to</strong> s<strong>to</strong>p the police, because they werenot allowing them <strong>to</strong> bury him here (i.e. inside the museum- H. Kh.)... Up <strong>to</strong> this day I am not able <strong>to</strong> understand,why they (that is, the authorities - H.Kh.) had <strong>to</strong> interfere with this”.<strong>The</strong>re were more local initiatives after the recognition of April 24 as the day of mourning for the genocidevictims and the building of the memorial in Yerevan. <strong>The</strong>re were different approaches <strong>to</strong> this issue.On April 24, thousands of people accompanied by mourning music silently march through the alley ofvictims, reach eternal flame, lay flowers around the flame, take a moment of silence with their headsbowed down and leave through the exit in front giving place <strong>to</strong> others. Procession continues until midnightand whole next day. This is how this day is remembered in Yerevan City.<strong>The</strong> same types of processions are also taking place in different <strong>to</strong>wns of the Republic which do not havespecial monuments for the victims of genocide. Villages populated by genocide survivors, where in fact1 Gevorg Chavush – Gevorg Aroyi Ghazaryan, born in 1870 in the Mktenk village of Sasoun. Armenian freedom fighter. MoushHe first fought in Arabo’s group. Participated in the battles for the defense of Sasoun in 1891-1894. Has been arrested manytimes (was kept in prisons of Bitlis, then Moush). Escaped from the prison and settled in Sasoun, participated in Sasoun’s defensein 1904. <strong>The</strong> battles organized by Chavush almost always were successful for the Armenian side. Died during Solukhbattle in 1907.2 Fidayee (haydook) is a volunteer freedom fighter.87
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Published by:Institut für Internat
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ContentsForeword...................
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ForewordThe project “Adult Educat
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Aras, Yasin Aras, Welat Ay, Cenk Ce
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The main audience of this book is o
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“Wish they hadn’t left”:The B
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ed by 1915 and where memories of Ar
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1915 tends to be represented by int
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Yet to a large extent, Turkish inte
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this, we can’t. It’s impossible
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een very advanced in trade and craf
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How to Come to Terms with Phantom P
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It is always you who has to be nice
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to the way he was raised: “They f
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empathize with Armenians: “My aun
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- Page 53 and 54: Turkey’s changing context is refr
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- Page 57 and 58: against one another. The feet of th
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- Page 80 and 81: “Whom to Forgive? What to Forgive
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took his rifle and ran. The dog fel
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she didn’t tell it to me. In the
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elder guy in this house died and hi
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AH - Turks always killed to get int
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“My Father used to Tell us at Hom
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person... I have never seen him, bu
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gotten what you knew”. So, out of
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a paid Adult Residential Facility,
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It was probably after 60s... My fat
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the Vardevar 1 day . Even if we mak
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that this wasn’t a dream... and..
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was our historical village. Nich, I
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just filming around myself with no
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that person whether I could take a
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[Turk. wife]”. In the morning I t
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4 Albert Mamikonyan,1953, in Kirova
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11 Almast Harutyunyan,1920, Ujan vi
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18 Eleonora Ghazaryan.1949, Ashnak
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26 Nairi Tajiryan,1936, Egypt (Cair
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33 Vazgen Ghukasyan,1933, Ashnak vi