Nutrition and HIV/AIDS: A Training Manual - Linkages Project

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SESSION 5 NUTRITIONAL MANAGEMENT OF HIV/AIDS-RELATEDSYMPTOMSPurposeThe purpose of this session is to give students knowledge and skills for thenutritional management of HIV/AIDS-related symptoms.Learning objectivesBy the end of the session, students will be able to:• Describe the appearance of HIV/AIDS-related symptoms in the progression ofthe disease.• Describe the dietary management of HIV/AIDS related symptoms.Estimated time: 60 minutesPrerequisite knowledge• Knowledge of infant, child, and adult nutrition• Basic counseling skills97
OutlineContent Methodology Timing1. Review of the relationship between nutritionand HIV/AIDS• Use of the RCQHC/FANTA model to showthat malnutrition weakens the immunesystem and HIV exacerbates the situation• Review of the effects of HIV on nutritionand vice versa2. Evolution of HIV/AIDS and the nutritionalrepercussions: The importance of nutrition toprevent the repercussions at all stages of theillness3. HIV/AIDS-related symptoms and their dietarymanagement• Nutritional management for illnesses suchas diarrhea, anorexia, nausea or vomiting,fever, anemia, wasting, and constipation:What foods to take and avoid• Assessing a client with different HIV/AIDSdietary related symptomsFacilitate an interactivelecture usingPowerPoint 5presentationFacilitate a questionand answer session tomaster dietarymanagement ofsymptomsUse Exercise 5 role-playon counseling clientspresenting withdifferent symptomsDistribute and explainthe use of Handout 5.150 minutesDiscussion on the presentationUse Exercise 5 to helpstudents master keyconcepts10 minutes98
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Regional Centrefor Quality ofHealth
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThis training manual
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ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMSACCAIDSAN
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INTRODUCTIONThe coexistence of high
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ContentThe content is arranged in t
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The sessions can also be taught in
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OutlineContent Methodology TimingDe
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LECTURE NOTES 1: THE BASICS OF HIV/
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gradually weakened. The infected pe
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increase in HIV prevalence of 60 pe
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infection may have a rapid onset, l
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• Dot-blot immunobinding assayUri
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• Removal of children from school
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effectively, care and support inter
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DISCUSSION POINTS 1================
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Recommended preparation1. Be famili
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LECTURE NOTES 2: LINK BETWEEN NUTRI
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AIDS, the impairment of immune func
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for healthy, non-HIV-infected peopl
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Low blood levels of several nutrien
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• Finally, a study of AIDS patien
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EXERCISE 2=========================
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SESSION 3 NUTRITION ACTIONS FOR PEO
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Required materials• LCD or overhe
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McDermott, AY, A Shevitz, T Knox, R
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Goals of nutritional care and suppo
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• Circumferences of the waist, hi
Page 58 and 59: Consider the phase of the HIV infec
Page 60 and 61: Promote adequate nutrient intake (s
Page 62 and 63: Stages of illness and symptoms. Sym
Page 64 and 65: TherapyNitrogenretention[g/day]Rate
Page 66 and 67: Nutrient supplements for people liv
Page 68 and 69: Conclusion (slide 31)Nutritional ca
Page 70 and 71: HANDOUT 3.1 Case studies in HIV and
Page 72 and 73: HANDOUT 3.2 Safe Food Handling Prac
Page 74 and 75: OutlineContent Methodology Timing1.
Page 76 and 77: Recommended preparation• Be famil
Page 78 and 79: PVO-USAID Steering Committee on Mul
Page 80 and 81: Nutritional care and support of peo
Page 82 and 83: In this session “food security co
Page 84 and 85: HIV/AIDS attacks food security not
Page 86 and 87: • Human capital: Reduced producti
Page 88 and 89: Food-insecure populations may also
Page 90 and 91: Food security constraints to nutrit
Page 92 and 93: Pregnant and lactating women (slide
Page 94 and 95: Implementation of nutritional care
Page 96 and 97: demand these foods. A good assessme
Page 98 and 99: Counselors should be aware of and i
Page 100 and 101: Conclusion (slide 36)The capacity t
Page 102 and 103: UNAIDS and WHO. 2002. AIDS epidemic
Page 104 and 105: 1. How does poor food availability
Page 106 and 107: 5. Will referrals and targeting of
Page 110 and 111: Required materials• LCD or overhe
Page 112 and 113: LECTURE NOTES 5: NUTRITIONAL MANAGE
Page 114 and 115: Figure 2 Cycle of malnutrition and
Page 116 and 117: IV. Late symptomatic phase (full-bl
Page 118 and 119: The following symptoms may also neg
Page 120 and 121: • Enables greater food intake by
Page 122 and 123: EXERCISE 5=========================
Page 124 and 125: HANDOUT 5.1 Caring for symptoms ass
Page 126 and 127: Illness Diet Care and nutrition pra
Page 128 and 129: SESSION 6 NUTRITIONAL CARE AND SUPP
Page 130 and 131: OutlineContent Methodology Timing1.
Page 132 and 133: Recommended preparation• Be famil
Page 134 and 135: ———. 1998. Randomised trial o
Page 136 and 137: LECTURE NOTES 6: NUTRITIONAL CARE A
Page 138 and 139: The stigma associated with HIV can
Page 140 and 141: of malnutrition, which increases th
Page 142 and 143: adolescent mother, growth and devel
Page 144 and 145: HIV infection increases the energy
Page 146 and 147: Anemia is common during HIV infecti
Page 148 and 149: The use of high levels of supplemen
Page 150 and 151: Nutritional care and support for th
Page 152 and 153: Management of secondary infections
Page 154 and 155: A. Nutrition history• Dietary int
Page 156 and 157: • Income, housing, amenities for
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multiple nutrient supplement, where
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Management of diet-related HIV prob
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Infant feeding options and risks (s
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insecurity and may increase malnutr
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Seumo-Fosso, E, and B Cogill. 2003.
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HANDOUT 6.1 Health Sector and Mater
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HANDOUT 6.2 A Guide to Nutritional
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• Educational levelLactating moth
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Did the counselor ask about: YES NO
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HANDOUT 6.4 Practical Consideration
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HANDOUT 6.5 Checklist for Nutrition
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HANDOUT 6.7 Dietary Management of C
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Dietary problemFeverNutritional int
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1. How could HIV infection affect R
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• Nutritional status, dietary int
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• Rita’s dietary intake and eat
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• Eating smaller, more frequent e
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• How was the nutritional assessm
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Estimated time: 120 minutes excludi
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Suggested reading materialsCoutsoud
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LECTURE NOTES 7: INFANT FEEDING AND
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• A viral, bacterial, or parasiti
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DNA (cell-associated virus) in colo
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Mucosal integrity (slide 18)Studies
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PMTCT interventions are most effect
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Breastfeeding techniquesIt is espec
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women with HIV/AIDS for additional
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• Providing skin-to-skin contact
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suitable for replacement feeds befo
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• Administration of ZVD and Lamiv
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Coutsoudis, A, et al. 2001. Are HIV
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Semba, RD, N Kumwenda, D Hoover, et
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Case study 1A school teacher, Regin
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• How would you respond to Hilary
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HANDOUT 7.2 PMTCT Decision-Making A
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OutlineContent Methodology Time1. E
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Suggested reading materialsAgostoni
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LECTURE NOTES 8: NUTRITION AND HIV/
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Despite these statistics, it is dif
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Etiology of growth failure among HI
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oys. Micronutrient deficiencies wil
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• Changes in eating behaviors ass
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• Address issues relevant and of
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Enhanced ARV therapy (slide 29)Chil
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• Refer children with severe maln
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DISCUSSION POINTS 8Questions for cl
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Action/activityNorman admitted to n
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OutlineContent Methodology Timing1.
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• Allocate time for each activity
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Food Medication Interactionswww.foo
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• Describes information collected
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• Antimalaria drugs such as quini
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Food effects on drug efficacy (slid
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Some antiretroviral drugs may affec
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MedicationPurposeRecommended Tobe t
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intake and poor nutrient absorption
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Anti-acid medications containing ma
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women’s nutritional status. It is
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Health provider capacityHealth prov
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• What foods should not be taken
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Gelato, M. 2003. Insulin and carboh
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eferred him to the counselor for th
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Medication Purpose Recommended Tobe
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Medication Purpose Recommended Tobe
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Side effects of each drug?Side effe
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PurposeTo provide basic information
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Factors in Transmissionand Vulnerab
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Impact on the Education Sector• D
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AcknowledgmentNutrition and HIV/AID
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Body Habitus ChangesMetabolic chang
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PurposeTo provide general nutrition
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Stages of HIV Disease andNutritionI
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IncreaseVitamin and Mineral IntakeS
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Lipodystrophy• Means fat maldistr
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PurposeTo introduce the constraints
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Effect of AIDS on Crop ProductionCr
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Pregnant and Lactating WomenFood an
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Session 5 Nutritional Management of
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Rationale, Cont.Importance of Manag
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Session 6 Nutritional Care and Supp
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Vulnerabilityof Women and Young Gir
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What Is Not KnownComparison of Nutr
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Purposeof Nutrition Care and Suppor
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Greatest Impact of NutritionImprove
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Size of the Problem in Africa• >3
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Possible Mechanisms ofTransmissionA
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Prevention-to-Care ContinuumInterve
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Session 8 Nutritional Care for Youn
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ChildrenBorn to HIV-Positive Mother
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Growth Failure Associated withIncre
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Enhanced ARV Therapy• To reduce v
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Care of the Terminally Ill ChildWhy
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PurposeTo provide knowledge and ski
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SIDE EFFECTS OF DRUGSaffectFOOD INT
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Nutrition and HIV/AIDS: A Training Manual - Linkages Project

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