Nutrition and HIV/AIDS: A Training Manual - Linkages Project

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SESSION 1 THE BASICS OF HIV/AIDS IN AFRICAPurposeThe purpose of this session is to provide students with basic information aboutHIV/AIDS: its causes, transmission, progression, management, and challenges.Learning objectivesBy the end of the session, students will be able to:• Discuss the scale of HIV/AIDS globally and in their countries• Outline the cause, transmission, and disease progression of HIV/AIDS• List factors that affect the risk of transmission of HIV and increase vulnerabilityto HIV infection• Outline stages of HIV/AIDS diseases and complications faced at each stage• Discuss strategies for caring for and supporting people living with HIV/AIDS andchallenges in managing HIV/AIDSNote: This topic will need to be updated regularly with changes in HIV/AIDS and newresearch findings.Prerequisite knowledge• Basic science (biology, physiology)Estimated time: 60 minutes1
OutlineContent Methodology TimingDefinitions of HIV and AIDSMagnitude of HIV/AIDS in AfricaPrevalence of HIV/AIDS in the country and byregion/district (if data is available)Trends by age and sex (if data is available)1. Modes of transmission of HIV and relatedfactors• Key modes of transmission and risk andproportion of all cases of infectiono Sexual intercourseo Perinatal transmission/mother-tochildtransmission (MTCT)o Parenteral (blood) transfusiono Unsafe injections or sharp materials2. Factors affecting risk of HIV transmission• Viral• Host• Environmental• Sexual behaviors• Demographic• Economic• Political• Social3. Stages of HIV• Early (acute or asymptomatic), middle(symptomatic), and late (full-blownAIDS)4. Testing for the virusHold interactive lectureusing PowerPoint 1Ask students to statewhat they understandby the terms HIV andAIDSIf available, show ratesof HIV in the countryand by regions ordistrictsDiscuss factors that mayaffect regional ordistrict differences inHIV prevalence50 minutes2
Page 1 and 2: Regional Centrefor Quality ofHealth
Page 3 and 4: ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThis training manual
Page 5 and 6: ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMSACCAIDSAN
Page 7 and 8: INTRODUCTIONThe coexistence of high
Page 9 and 10: ContentThe content is arranged in t
Page 11: The sessions can also be taught in
Page 16 and 17: LECTURE NOTES 1: THE BASICS OF HIV/
Page 18 and 19: gradually weakened. The infected pe
Page 20 and 21: increase in HIV prevalence of 60 pe
Page 22 and 23: infection may have a rapid onset, l
Page 24 and 25: • Dot-blot immunobinding assayUri
Page 26 and 27: • Removal of children from school
Page 28 and 29: effectively, care and support inter
Page 31 and 32: DISCUSSION POINTS 1================
Page 34 and 35: Recommended preparation1. Be famili
Page 36 and 37: LECTURE NOTES 2: LINK BETWEEN NUTRI
Page 38 and 39: AIDS, the impairment of immune func
Page 40 and 41: for healthy, non-HIV-infected peopl
Page 42 and 43: Low blood levels of several nutrien
Page 44 and 45: • Finally, a study of AIDS patien
Page 46 and 47: EXERCISE 2=========================
Page 48 and 49: SESSION 3 NUTRITION ACTIONS FOR PEO
Page 50 and 51: Required materials• LCD or overhe
Page 52 and 53: McDermott, AY, A Shevitz, T Knox, R
Page 54 and 55: Goals of nutritional care and suppo
Page 56 and 57: • Circumferences of the waist, hi
Page 58 and 59: Consider the phase of the HIV infec
Page 60 and 61: Promote adequate nutrient intake (s
Page 62 and 63:
Stages of illness and symptoms. Sym
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TherapyNitrogenretention[g/day]Rate
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Nutrient supplements for people liv
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Conclusion (slide 31)Nutritional ca
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HANDOUT 3.1 Case studies in HIV and
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HANDOUT 3.2 Safe Food Handling Prac
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OutlineContent Methodology Timing1.
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Recommended preparation• Be famil
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PVO-USAID Steering Committee on Mul
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Nutritional care and support of peo
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In this session “food security co
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HIV/AIDS attacks food security not
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• Human capital: Reduced producti
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Food-insecure populations may also
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Food security constraints to nutrit
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Pregnant and lactating women (slide
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Implementation of nutritional care
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demand these foods. A good assessme
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Counselors should be aware of and i
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Conclusion (slide 36)The capacity t
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UNAIDS and WHO. 2002. AIDS epidemic
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1. How does poor food availability
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5. Will referrals and targeting of
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SESSION 5 NUTRITIONAL MANAGEMENT OF
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Required materials• LCD or overhe
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LECTURE NOTES 5: NUTRITIONAL MANAGE
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Figure 2 Cycle of malnutrition and
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IV. Late symptomatic phase (full-bl
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The following symptoms may also neg
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• Enables greater food intake by
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EXERCISE 5=========================
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HANDOUT 5.1 Caring for symptoms ass
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Illness Diet Care and nutrition pra
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SESSION 6 NUTRITIONAL CARE AND SUPP
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Page 132 and 133:
Recommended preparation• Be famil
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———. 1998. Randomised trial o
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LECTURE NOTES 6: NUTRITIONAL CARE A
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The stigma associated with HIV can
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of malnutrition, which increases th
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adolescent mother, growth and devel
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HIV infection increases the energy
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Anemia is common during HIV infecti
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The use of high levels of supplemen
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Nutritional care and support for th
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Management of secondary infections
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A. Nutrition history• Dietary int
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• Income, housing, amenities for
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multiple nutrient supplement, where
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Management of diet-related HIV prob
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Infant feeding options and risks (s
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insecurity and may increase malnutr
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Seumo-Fosso, E, and B Cogill. 2003.
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HANDOUT 6.1 Health Sector and Mater
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HANDOUT 6.2 A Guide to Nutritional
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• Educational levelLactating moth
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Did the counselor ask about: YES NO
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HANDOUT 6.4 Practical Consideration
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HANDOUT 6.5 Checklist for Nutrition
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HANDOUT 6.7 Dietary Management of C
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Dietary problemFeverNutritional int
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1. How could HIV infection affect R
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• Nutritional status, dietary int
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• Rita’s dietary intake and eat
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• Eating smaller, more frequent e
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• How was the nutritional assessm
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Estimated time: 120 minutes excludi
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Suggested reading materialsCoutsoud
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LECTURE NOTES 7: INFANT FEEDING AND
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• A viral, bacterial, or parasiti
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DNA (cell-associated virus) in colo
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Mucosal integrity (slide 18)Studies
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PMTCT interventions are most effect
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Breastfeeding techniquesIt is espec
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women with HIV/AIDS for additional
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• Providing skin-to-skin contact
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suitable for replacement feeds befo
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• Administration of ZVD and Lamiv
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Coutsoudis, A, et al. 2001. Are HIV
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Semba, RD, N Kumwenda, D Hoover, et
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Case study 1A school teacher, Regin
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• How would you respond to Hilary
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HANDOUT 7.2 PMTCT Decision-Making A
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OutlineContent Methodology Time1. E
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Suggested reading materialsAgostoni
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LECTURE NOTES 8: NUTRITION AND HIV/
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Despite these statistics, it is dif
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Etiology of growth failure among HI
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oys. Micronutrient deficiencies wil
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• Changes in eating behaviors ass
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• Address issues relevant and of
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Enhanced ARV therapy (slide 29)Chil
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• Refer children with severe maln
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DISCUSSION POINTS 8Questions for cl
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Action/activityNorman admitted to n
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• Allocate time for each activity
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Food Medication Interactionswww.foo
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• Describes information collected
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• Antimalaria drugs such as quini
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Food effects on drug efficacy (slid
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Some antiretroviral drugs may affec
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MedicationPurposeRecommended Tobe t
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intake and poor nutrient absorption
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Anti-acid medications containing ma
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women’s nutritional status. It is
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Health provider capacityHealth prov
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• What foods should not be taken
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Gelato, M. 2003. Insulin and carboh
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eferred him to the counselor for th
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Medication Purpose Recommended Tobe
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Medication Purpose Recommended Tobe
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Side effects of each drug?Side effe
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PurposeTo provide basic information
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Factors in Transmissionand Vulnerab
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Impact on the Education Sector• D
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AcknowledgmentNutrition and HIV/AID
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Body Habitus ChangesMetabolic chang
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PurposeTo provide general nutrition
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Stages of HIV Disease andNutritionI
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IncreaseVitamin and Mineral IntakeS
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Lipodystrophy• Means fat maldistr
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PurposeTo introduce the constraints
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Effect of AIDS on Crop ProductionCr
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Pregnant and Lactating WomenFood an
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Session 5 Nutritional Management of
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Rationale, Cont.Importance of Manag
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Session 6 Nutritional Care and Supp
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Vulnerabilityof Women and Young Gir
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What Is Not KnownComparison of Nutr
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Purposeof Nutrition Care and Suppor
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Greatest Impact of NutritionImprove
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Size of the Problem in Africa• >3
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Possible Mechanisms ofTransmissionA
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Prevention-to-Care ContinuumInterve
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Session 8 Nutritional Care for Youn
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ChildrenBorn to HIV-Positive Mother
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Growth Failure Associated withIncre
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Enhanced ARV Therapy• To reduce v
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Care of the Terminally Ill ChildWhy
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PurposeTo provide knowledge and ski
Page 344 and 345:
SIDE EFFECTS OF DRUGSaffectFOOD INT
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Nutrition and HIV/AIDS: A Training Manual - Linkages Project

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