Nutrition and HIV/AIDS: A Training Manual - Linkages Project

infected with HIV-contaminated blood or from medical equipment or sometimesthrough child abuse. In some populations in sub-Saharan Africa, 30 percent or moreof pregnant women are infected with HIV. As presented in Session 7, in the absenceof prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) interventions, 24 percent−45percent of HIV-infected mothers will pass on the virus to their infants.By 2000 an estimated 5 million children were infected with HIV. As shown in table 1,over 150,000 children in Ethiopia, 95,000 in South Africa, and 78,000 in Kenya wereliving with HIV/AIDS in 2000. The number of orphans from HIV/AIDS in somecountries is 5 percent−8 percent of the total population. All these children have tobe given special care.Table 1 HIV infection rates by African country, 2000CountryHIV rate in adultpopulation(percentage)Children 0−14infectedChildrenorphanedAngola 2.8 7,900 98,000Burundi 11.3 19,000 230,000Botswana 35.8 10,000 66,000DR Congo 5.1 53,000 680,000Ethiopia 10.6 150,000 1,200,000Kenya 13.9 78,000 730,000Lesotho 23.5 8,200 35,000Madagascar 0.2 450 2,600Malawi 15.9 40,000 390,000Mozambique 13.2 52,000 310,000Namibia 19.5 6,600 67,000South Africa 19.9 95,000 420,000Rwanda 11.2 22,000 270,000Swaziland 25.2 3,800 12,000Tanzania 8.1 59,000 1,100,000Uganda 8.3 53,000 1,700,000Zambia 19.9 40,000 650,000Zimbabwe 25.1 56,000 900,000Source: UNAIDS 2002222