Nutrition and HIV/AIDS: A Training Manual - Linkages Project
Nutrition and HIV/AIDS: A Training Manual - Linkages Project
Nutrition and HIV/AIDS: A Training Manual - Linkages Project
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<strong>Nutrition</strong>al care <strong>and</strong> support for the <strong>HIV</strong>-infected pregnant orlactating woman or adolescent girl (slides 27, 28, 29)It is well established that the nutritional well-being of a healthy mother is criticalfor an uncomplicated pregnancy <strong>and</strong> positive outcome. <strong>Nutrition</strong>al status has evengreater implications for the <strong>HIV</strong>-infected woman or adolescent, who is at higher riskof delivering premature or low-birth weight infants <strong>and</strong> being malnourished than theuninfected woman. Poor nutritional status of the <strong>HIV</strong>-infected mother duringpregnancy may also increase the risk of vertical transmission during pregnancy.For all women, improving nutritional status before <strong>and</strong> during pregnancy <strong>and</strong> duringlactation can help ensure adequate gestational weight gain <strong>and</strong> decrease the risk ofpremature delivery <strong>and</strong> low birth weight. For the <strong>HIV</strong>-infected woman in particular,improving nutrition can help strengthen the immune system, prevent weight lossduring lactation, prevent maternal malnutrition, <strong>and</strong> delay disease progression,allowing the woman to remain productive <strong>and</strong> prolong her quality of life. <strong>Nutrition</strong>alcare <strong>and</strong> support plays an important role in the overall care of the pregnant orlactating woman or adolescent girl living with <strong>HIV</strong>/<strong>AIDS</strong>.Purpose of nutritional care (slide 30)During pregnancy nutritional care is needed to meet the dem<strong>and</strong>s of exp<strong>and</strong>edblood volume, growth of maternal tissues, a developing fetus, <strong>and</strong> loss of maternaltissues at birth, as well as to prepare for lactation.During lactation nutritional care is needed to meet specific nutrient needs tooptimize maternal post-natal nutritional status, the quality <strong>and</strong> quantity ofbreastmilk production, <strong>and</strong> infant growth <strong>and</strong> development.<strong>Nutrition</strong>al care during pregnancy <strong>and</strong> lactation is needed for all pregnant <strong>and</strong>lactating women or adolescents, regardless of their <strong>HIV</strong> status. However, thechallenge is to ensure that <strong>HIV</strong>-infected pregnant or lactating women or adolescentsare able to maintain good nutritional status throughout pregnancy to carry theirpregnancies to term. <strong>HIV</strong> infection increases not only the pregnant woman’snutrition requirements but also her susceptibility to infection, which in turn puts herat high risk for malnutrition <strong>and</strong> pre-term delivery. This vicious cycle can becontrolled to some extent through good nutritional care <strong>and</strong> support. This should be139
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