Nutrition and HIV/AIDS: A Training Manual - Linkages Project

infected pregnant or lactating women to increase protein intake as a result of HIVinfection. However, further research is needed on this subject. Tables 2 and 3 listthe energy and protein requirements for a healthy, non-HIV-infected woman duringpregnancy and lactation.Table 1 Comparison of nutritional risks of HIV-infected and non-HIV-infectedpregnant and lactating women (slide 19)HIV-infected• Increased need for energy, protein, and othernutrients secondary to the demands of pregnancy orlactation• Increased need for energy, protein, and othernutrients secondary to HIV infection• Increased risk of opportunistic infections andmalnutrition• Increased risk of weight loss and delivery of a lowbirthweight baby as a result of HIV infection• Increased risk of inadequate dietary intake andhence malnutrition as a result of depression,isolation, or stigmatization• Increased risk of MTCT with poor nutritional status• Increased risk of transmitting the virus to the babythrough breastfeedingNon-HIV-infected• Increased need for energy,protein, and other nutrientssecondary to the demands ofpregnancy or lactationRecommended nutritional requirements for the HIV infected pregnant orlactating woman (slide 20)Similar to HIV, common secondary infections such as fever and diarrhea increaseenergy and nutrient requirements. Fever, a common symptom in HIV-infectedpeople, increases energy requirements by about 10 percent for every degree riseabove normal body temperature. The energy and nutrient requirements imposed bya co-infection such as fever may need to be taken into account when assessing thenutritional requirements of someone infected with HIV, just as they would be forsomeone who is not HIV infected.132