Nutrition and HIV/AIDS: A Training Manual - Linkages Project

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3. Review Discussion Points 1 to identify questions that can help students masterthe concepts and facilitate group discussion if time allows.Materials providedPowerPoint presentations• PowerPoint 1: The basics of HIV/AIDS in AfricaHandouts• PowerPoint 1 presentation• Handout 1: Royce, RA, A Sena, W Cates, and MS Cohen. 1997. Sexualtransmission of HIV. New Eng J Med 336 (15): 1072-1078.Suggested reading materialsFamily Health International. 2001. HIV/AIDS prevention and care in resourceconstrainedsettings: A hand book for the design and management of programs.Fan, H, F Ross, RF Conner, and LP Villarreal. 2000. The biology of AIDS. 4th edition.Boston: Jones and Bartlett Publishers International.Fauci A, D Panteleo, S Stanley, and D Weisman. 1996. Immunopathogenicmechanisms of HIV infection. Annals of Internal Medicine 124:653-4.Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. 2000. Report on the Global HIV/AIDSEpidemic. Geneva: UNAIDS.Royce RA, A Sena, W Cates, and MS Cohen. 1997. Sexual transmission of HIV. NewEng J Med 336 (15): 1072-1078.World Health Organization. 1997. Weekly Epidemiological Record 72: 81-88. Geneva.———. 1990. Weekly Epidemiological Record 65: 221-228. Geneva.4
Page 1 and 2: Regional Centrefor Quality ofHealth
Page 3 and 4: ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThis training manual
Page 5 and 6: ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMSACCAIDSAN
Page 7 and 8: INTRODUCTIONThe coexistence of high
Page 9 and 10: ContentThe content is arranged in t
Page 11 and 12: The sessions can also be taught in
Page 13: OutlineContent Methodology TimingDe
Page 17 and 18: Definitions and scope (slides 4, 5,
Page 19 and 20: Factors for transmission and increa
Page 21 and 22: presentation of STI symptoms in wom
Page 23 and 24: 4. Late symptomatic phase (full-blo
Page 25 and 26: Impact on food security (slide 23)H
Page 27 and 28: Mitigating the social and economic
Page 29: ReferencesAnderson, R, and R May. 1
Page 32: SESSION 2 LINK BETWEEN NUTRITION AN
Page 35 and 36: Suggested reading materialsLwanga,
Page 37 and 38: disseminating information on the be
Page 39 and 40: • Loss of appetite as a result of
Page 41 and 42: • There may be many causes of AID
Page 43 and 44: given counseling and a supplement c
Page 45 and 46: Piwoz, EG, and EA Preble. 2000. HIV
Page 47 and 48: TASK 2: Ask students to list on a f
Page 49 and 50: OutlineContent Methodology Timing1.
Page 51 and 52: Materials providedPowerPoint presen
Page 53 and 54: LECTURE NOTES 3: NUTRITION ACTIONS
Page 55 and 56: • Offer tailored treatment and ma
Page 57 and 58: • Eat small, frequent meals throu
Page 59 and 60: Psychological and emotional support
Page 61 and 62: Low energy intake is just one of th
Page 63 and 64: occurring symptoms discussed previo
Page 65 and 66:
Exercises that build muscle mass (s
Page 67 and 68:
certain nutrients (including vitami
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EXERCISE 3=========================
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Case study 3The international NGO y
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SESSION 4 FOOD SECURITY COMPONENTS
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Content Methodology Timing5. Implem
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Bonnard, P. 2002. HIV/AIDS mitigati
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LECTURE NOTES 4: FOOD SECURITY COMP
Page 81 and 82:
Nutritional care and support and ut
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• Household-level constraints suc
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• HIV/AIDS attacks people-both wo
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Faced with other types of food secu
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Food aid programs targeting househo
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eason that many HIV-infected mother
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By impeding effective management of
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• Which coping strategies are hav
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is not sufficient. Recommendations
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Involving people living with HIV/AI
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ReferencesAlban, A, and L Guinness.
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EXERCISE 4=========================
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3. What should be recommended for h
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HANDOUT 4 Steps to Address Food Sec
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OutlineContent Methodology Timing1.
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Suggested reading materialsBijlsma,
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Figure 1 Vicious cycle of malnutrit
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Seroconversion. During the seroconv
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Importance of good nutrition at all
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Increased nutrient needs result fro
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ConclusionThe dietary management of
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with the infection and remembered t
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Illness Diet Care and nutrition pra
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HANDOUT 5.2 Observation checklist f
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Prerequisite knowledge• Understan
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Content Methodology Timing5. Compon
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• Handout 6.5: Checklist for Asse
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Piwoz, E, and E Preble. HIV/AIDS an
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• Makes recommendations for nutri
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Figure 2 Malnutrition and HIV (slid
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Anemia already affects half of all
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infected pregnant or lactating wome
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These recommendations are universal
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Table 4 Recommended iron and folic
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help young adolescent pregnant girl
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done as early in the pregnancy as p
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• Prevent food-borne illnesses by
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• Screening for oral or pharyngea
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previously existing malnutrition, u
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also help the mother address her fe
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women even more susceptible to oppo
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Issues and challenges for nutrition
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Huffman, S, et al. 2001. Essential
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DISCUSSION POINTS 61. What are the
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3. Reduction ofmalaria infectionin
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• Evidence of loss of muscle mass
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HANDOUT 6.3 Checklist for the Nutri
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Did the counselor ask about: YES NO
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10. Be aware of harmful traditional
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HANDOUT 6.6 Safe Food Handling Prac
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Dietary problemDiarrhea Eat small,
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EXERCISE 6=========================
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• Her pre-pregnancy weight, if av
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• Adequate gestational weight gai
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• Providing information on referr
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TASK 5: Organize field visits for s
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SESSION 7 INFANT FEEDING AND PREVEN
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Required materials1. LCD or overhea
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UNICEF/UNAIDS/WHO. 1998. HIV and in
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Mother-to-child transmission (slide
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Up to 70 percent of breastmilk samp
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the increased risk provides a stron
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Africa, however, showed no increase
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depending on the context. The promo
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• Prevention messages should be i
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the options. It should be emphasize
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Exclusive replacement feeding (slid
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The Code of Marketing of Breastmilk
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umbilical cord should be carefully
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Joint United Nations Programme on H
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EXERCISE 7=========================
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• What issues must be explored in
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HANDOUT 7.1 WHO Recommendations“W
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SESSION 8 NUTRITIONAL CARE FOR YOUN
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Required materials• LCD or overhe
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Villamor, E, et al. 2002. Vitamin A
Page 233 and 234:
infected with HIV-contaminated bloo
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• Intrauterine growth retardation
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• Children infected with HIV also
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• Periodic nutritional assessment
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who are breastfed, exclusiveness of
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equire 20 percent-30 percent more e
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• Promote good food hygiene and f
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o Provide follow up after discharge
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EXERCISE 8TASK 1: Why did Norman di
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SESSION 9 MANAGEMENT OF DRUG AND FO
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Content Methodology Timing4. Assess
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Mondy, K, et al. 2002. Longitudinal
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LECTURE NOTES 9: MANAGEMENT OF DRUG
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3. Protease inhibitors (PIs): Ampre
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• Drug effects on nutrient absorp
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Certain modern medications affect n
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MedicationPurposeRecommended Tobe t
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MedicationSulfadoxine andPyrimetham
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Combinations of specific medication
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have shown that food has no effect
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• Protein, calorie, fluid, and mi
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• What are the client-specific fo
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should give clients detailed inform
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EXERCISE 9=========================
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HANDOUT 9.1 Drugs Commonly Taken by
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Medication Purpose Recommended Tobe
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HANDOUT 9.2: Observation Checklist
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Session 1 Introduction to HIV/AIDS:
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HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa• 2
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Types of HIV Test, Cont.Demographic
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Session 2 Link Between Nutrition an
Page 295 and 296:
Affects of HIV/AIDS on Nutrition•
Page 297 and 298:
Session 3 Key Nutrition Actions for
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Why Measure?• To identify and tra
Page 301 and 302:
Support Individualized Meal PlansCo
Page 303 and 304:
Factors in Design andImplementation
Page 305 and 306:
Session 4 Food Security Components
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Utilizationand Nutritional Care and
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Effects of Food Insecurityon HIV/AI
Page 311 and 312:
During Assessment:Identify Capaciti
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PurposeTo provide knowledge ofand s
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Dietary Managementof Symptoms• En
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PurposeTo provide a general underst
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During Pregnancy, Cont.Micronutrien
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Nutritional Requirements forHealthy
Page 323 and 324:
Management ofDiet-Related HIV Probl
Page 325 and 326:
Session 7 Prevention of Mother-to-C
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Risk Factors in PregnancyEvidence f
Page 329 and 330:
Estimated Risk of Post-natal HIVTra
Page 331 and 332:
Infant Feeding CounselingConditions
Page 333 and 334:
PurposeNutrition and HIV/AIDS: A Tr
Page 335 and 336:
Progressive Stuntingin HIV-Positive
Page 337 and 338:
Good Obstetric Careand Maternal Nut
Page 339 and 340:
Practical Management ofEating Diffi
Page 341 and 342:
Session 9 Management of Drug and Fo
Page 343 and 344:
Main Food and DrugInteractions1. Fo
Page 345:
Special ConsiderationsNutritional A
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