Nutrition and HIV/AIDS: A Training Manual - Linkages Project

Figure 2 Malnutrition and HIV (slide 9)MalnutritionWeakens the immune systemIncreases vulnerability and susceptibilityto infectionIncreased nutrientrequirementsHIV InfectionSource: Adapted from Piwoz and Preble 2000Improving nutritional status and food security issues for all, including HIV-infectedpregnant or lactating women or adolescent girls so mothers can remain productive,is a challenge for policymakers. The following sections look at special considerationsfor nutritional care and support of HIV-infected pregnant or lactating women oradolescent girls to promote adequate gestational weight gain, improve or maintaingood nutritional status, prevent weight loss during lactation, reduce maternalmortality, and delay disease progression.Nutritional implications for the HIV-infected pregnant or lactatingwoman or adolescent girl (slide 10)The negative relationship between malnutrition and HIV discussed in earlier sessionshas particular implications for women of reproductive age.The HIV-infected pregnant or lactating woman (slides 11, 12, 13, 14)In all women, malnutrition during pregnancy increases maternal morbidity andmortality and affects birth outcomes. For the HIV-infected pregnant woman, HIVinfection causes nutrient losses that increase nutritional requirements and the risk128