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Nutrition and HIV/AIDS: A Training Manual - Linkages Project

Nutrition and HIV/AIDS: A Training Manual - Linkages Project

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Purposeof <strong>Nutrition</strong> Care <strong>and</strong> SupportDuring pregnancy• To meet the dem<strong>and</strong>s of exp<strong>and</strong>ed blood volume,growth of maternal tissues, developing fetus, <strong>and</strong>loss of maternal tissue at birth• To prepare for lactationDuring lactation• To meet specific nutrient needs to optimizematernal post-natal nutritional status, quality <strong>and</strong>quantity of breastmilk production, <strong>and</strong> infantgrowth <strong>and</strong> developmentGoals of <strong>Nutrition</strong> Care <strong>and</strong>Support for the <strong>HIV</strong>-Positive Pregnant orLactating Woman orAdolescent GirlGoalsof <strong>Nutrition</strong> Care <strong>and</strong> SupportImprove nutritional status• Maintain weight <strong>and</strong> prevent weight loss• Preserve lean body massEnsure adequate gestational weight gainEnsure adequate nutrient intake• Improve diet <strong>and</strong> eating habits• Replenish stores of essential nutrientsPrevent food-borne illness• Encourage good hygiene <strong>and</strong> water <strong>and</strong> food safetyEnhance quality of life• Treat opportunistic infections• Manage symptoms affecting food intakeComponents of <strong>Nutrition</strong>Care <strong>and</strong> Support for the<strong>HIV</strong>-Positive Pregnant orLactating Woman orAdolescent Girl<strong>Nutrition</strong> Assessment<strong>and</strong> Counseling<strong>Nutrition</strong> screening <strong>and</strong> assessment• <strong>Nutrition</strong> history• Physical assessment• Medical history• Medication profile• Biochemical data• Psychosocial issues<strong>Nutrition</strong> education <strong>and</strong> counseling• Adequate diet <strong>and</strong> eating habits• Management of common dietary problems in <strong>HIV</strong>Food Safety <strong>and</strong> Hygiene• Wash h<strong>and</strong>s before foodh<strong>and</strong>ling, after using thetoilet, after changingbaby’s nappy• Wash fruit <strong>and</strong> vegetablesbefore cooking <strong>and</strong> serving• Drink <strong>and</strong> use only boiledwater• Do not eat raw eggs orfoods containing them• Do not eat moldy, spoiled,or rotten foods• Cover all food items whennot in use• Store food away frominsects <strong>and</strong> animals• Keep food preparationsurfaces <strong>and</strong> utensils clean• Ensure all food is cookedthoroughly• Serve food immediatelyafter preparation <strong>and</strong> do notstore cooked food• Avoid contact between raw<strong>and</strong> cooked food• Use a cup rather thanbottles with teats to feedinfants

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