Nutrition and HIV/AIDS: A Training Manual - Linkages Project

Purposeof Nutrition Care and SupportDuring pregnancy• To meet the demands of expanded blood volume,growth of maternal tissues, developing fetus, andloss of maternal tissue at birth• To prepare for lactationDuring lactation• To meet specific nutrient needs to optimizematernal post-natal nutritional status, quality andquantity of breastmilk production, and infantgrowth and developmentGoals of Nutrition Care andSupport for the HIV-Positive Pregnant orLactating Woman orAdolescent GirlGoalsof Nutrition Care and SupportImprove nutritional status• Maintain weight and prevent weight loss• Preserve lean body massEnsure adequate gestational weight gainEnsure adequate nutrient intake• Improve diet and eating habits• Replenish stores of essential nutrientsPrevent food-borne illness• Encourage good hygiene and water and food safetyEnhance quality of life• Treat opportunistic infections• Manage symptoms affecting food intakeComponents of NutritionCare and Support for theHIV-Positive Pregnant orLactating Woman orAdolescent GirlNutrition Assessmentand CounselingNutrition screening and assessment• Nutrition history• Physical assessment• Medical history• Medication profile• Biochemical data• Psychosocial issuesNutrition education and counseling• Adequate diet and eating habits• Management of common dietary problems in HIVFood Safety and Hygiene• Wash hands before foodhandling, after using thetoilet, after changingbaby’s nappy• Wash fruit and vegetablesbefore cooking and serving• Drink and use only boiledwater• Do not eat raw eggs orfoods containing them• Do not eat moldy, spoiled,or rotten foods• Cover all food items whennot in use• Store food away frominsects and animals• Keep food preparationsurfaces and utensils clean• Ensure all food is cookedthoroughly• Serve food immediatelyafter preparation and do notstore cooked food• Avoid contact between rawand cooked food• Use a cup rather thanbottles with teats to feedinfants