Abai, MR

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6th International Congress of DipterologyThe position of Loicia is still doubtful and may correspond to a cladeindependent from the Mycetophilidae. Taxicnemis, Sciaropota, andStarkomyia seem connected to the (Lygistorrhinidae + Mycetophilidae)clade. Afrotricha may belong to the Sciaridae, a conclusion worth of reexamination.Anisotricha, Nepaletricha and Sciarosoma probably fitwithin the Rangomaramidae. The similarities gathering Sciaridae andMycetophilidae showed to be a combination of symplesiomorphies andhomoplasies.Key Words: Diptera, circumantarctic relationships, Gondwanaland,vicariance∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗8
6th International Congress of DipterologyCircumantarctic relationships in Neotropical Diptera: oldand newAmorim, D.S. (1,2), C.M.D. Santos (2) & S.S. Oliveira (2)(1) FAPESP Grant n o 2003/10.274-9(2) Depto. de Biologia, FFCLRP, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900,14.040-901 Ribeirão Preto SP BRAZIL, dsamorim@usp.brDespite advances in biogeography, we are still stuck with the problem ofdetermining whether particular groups with circumantarctic disjunction aretruly Gondwanian or more recent. We examined cases of circumantarcticrelationships in Diptera and concluded that both, vicariance and dispersionhad their own role in producing such patterns. Southern Gondwanalandgroups were obviously divided by vicariance due to the break-up of theGondwanaland itself. A connection between Antarctica and South Americalasted until at least the early Cenozoic, so species primarily Laurasian inorigin may have reached Gondwanaland by dispersion during theCretaceous. This means that not all cases of true vicariance in Gondwanianterranes are actually Gondwanian in origin, and explains the cases ofgroups with typical circumantarctic patterns absent in the Jurassic fossilrecord. A mild climate was present in Antarctic until at least mid Tertiary,after which global cooling produced ice caps in the poles isolating thesefaunas. The distribution of groups Diptera of apparent circumantarcticorigin in the Neotropical region is examined. Groups present in southernSouth America and in Australia and/or New Zealand include, e.g.,Zelandotipula (Tipulidae), Nervijuncta, Autralosymmerus (Ditomyiidae),Colonomyia, Chiletricha, Rhynchoheterotricha, and Insulatricha(Rangomaramidae), Paraleia and Procycloneura (Mycetophilidae);Dasyomma (Athericidae), Pelecorhynchus (Pelecorhynchidae) andAtherimorpha and Austroleptis (Rhagionidae). There are somecyclorhaphans proposed to be circumantarctic (e.g., the MuscidaeReinwardtinae), but there is still no agreement about this. Within theNeotropical region some quite northern areas in South America havespecies related to clades with circumantarctic distribution. In Colombia,this is related to late Cenozoic uplift of the Andes, generating habitats9
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Abai, MR

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